HD 63433 d

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HD 63433 d
Discovery
Discovered byCapistrant, Soares-Furtado et al. (THYME)[1]
Discovery date10 January 2024[1]
Transit[2]
Designations
TOI-1726 d, BD+27 1490 d, HIP 38228 d, V377 Geminorum d
Orbital characteristics[1]
0.0503+0.0025
−0.0027 AU
Eccentricity0.16+0.36
−0.12
4.20975+0.000012
−0.000023 d
Inclination88.73°+0.85°
−1.06°
StarHD 63433
Physical characteristics[1]
Mean radius
1.073+0.046
−0.044 R🜨
Temperature1040±40 K (767 ± 40°C) (mean),[a], 1,530 K (1,260 °C) (daytime)[b]

HD 63433 d (TOI-1726 d) is a confirmed exoplanet orbiting HD 63433, a Sun-like star located 73 light-years away in the constellation Gemini.[3] It was the third (and most recent) exoplanet to be discovered in orbit around this star; the other two were HD 63433 b and c, discovered in 2020.[1][4] Its radius is measured at around 1.1 R🜨, which makes it similar to the Earth in size.[1] Orbiting its star at a distance of 0.0503 astronomical units (7,520,000 km), it is the innermost planet orbiting HD 63433, and completes an orbit around it just every 4 days.[1] Due to the proximity of its star, the planet is scorching hot, having a temperature estimated at 1260 °C at daytime.[4][1] The proximity of its star also causes it to be tidally locked.[4][5]

Physical characteristics[edit]

Having a radius of 1.073 R🜨 (~6,845 km), it is roughly the size of Earth, but its mass is still unknown.[1] HD 63433 d is the innermost planet in the system, orbiting its star at a distance of 0.0503 astronomical units (7,520,000 km) and completing one orbital period around it every 4 days and 5 hours.[1] The proximity of its star causes HD 63433 d to be scorching hot, having a daytime temperature estimated at 1,260 °C (2,300 °F),[1] [b] which is similar to other lava planets such as Kepler-10b and CoRoT-7b,[5][3] and hot enough to melt all minerals on its surface.[6] In addition, the planet is tidally locked, meaning that one side of the planet always faces its star, while the other side always faces away from it, and it possibly lacks a substantial atmosphere.[4][5][7] Tidal locking also happens with the Moon, which has one side always facing Earth.[4]

It is believed that its dayside, always facing its star due to tidal locking, is completely molten and dominated by lava,[8][5] in addition to possibly having volcanic activity.[9][10] Meanwhile, the night side of the planet could be as cold as Pluto, having glaciers of frozen nitrogen, depending on its composition.[11]

With an age estimated at 414 million years, it is the smallest known exoplanet less than 500 million years old, and the nearest Earth-sized planet this young.[1][5][9]

Importance[edit]

The small size, young age and the proximity of its star make HD 63433 an interesting planet for further exploration.[5] According to the HD 63433 d discovery team, this planet and another young terrestrial planets are critical test beds to constrain the current theories of planetary formation and evolution.[5][1][12] The study of HD 63433 d could produce valuable information about the formation and evolution of Earth-sized planets.[10]

Discovery[edit]

The planet was discovered by a team of scientists led by Benjamin Capristaint and Melinda Soares-Furtado after analyzing a transit observation made by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The team took the data and removed the transit signals of the other planets, thus revealing an additional transit signal that reappeared every 4.2 days.[1][5][7] Later investigations validated that this transit signal was from a third planet around the star HD 63433.[5][7] The discovery was announced on January 10, 2023, in The Astrophysical Journal.[4][11]

The discovery of HD 63433 d is part of a project called TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME), which seeks to discover young transiting exoplanets in moving groups, stellar associations and open clusters.[1]

Host star[edit]

Main article: HD 63433

The host star of HD 63433 d is HD 63433, a G-type main-sequence star which is located 73 light-years away in the Gemini constellation.[3] Having a radius 91% similar to that of the Sun, and a mass 99% similar, HD 63433 has properties very similar to those of the Sun, being classified as a solar analog.[13] With an apparent magnitude of 6.9, the star cannot be been with the naked eye, but can be with a small telescope[14] or binoculars.[15] HD 63433 is part of the Ursa Major moving group, which makes its age estimated at 414 million years.[13] Other stars located in this group include Alioth and Mizar, located in the Big Dipper.

HD 63433 also hosts two other exoplanets: HD 63433 b and c, two mini-Neptune planets discovered in 2020 by Mann et al.[13]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Assuming an albedo of 0.3
  2. ^ a b Assuming an albedo of 0, similar to the measured albedo of TRAPPIST-1b.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Capistrant, Benjamin K.; Soares-Furtado, Melinda; Vanderburg, Andrew; Jankowski, Alyssa; Mann, Andrew W.; Ross, Gabrielle; Srdoc, Gregor; Hinkel, Natalie R.; Becker, Juliette; Magliano, Christian; Limbach, Mary Anne; Stephan, Alexander P.; Nine, Andrew C.; Tofflemire, Benjamin M.; Kraus, Adam L. (January 10, 2024). "TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). XI. An Earth-sized Planet Orbiting a Nearby, Solar-like Host in the 400 Myr Ursa Major Moving Group". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (2): 54. arXiv:2401.04785. Bibcode:2024AJ....167...54C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad1039. ISSN 1538-3881.
  2. ^ Martin, Pierre-Yves (2024). "Planet HD 63433 b". exoplanet.eu. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  3. ^ a b c de Lazaro, Enrico (January 15, 2023). "Earth-Sized Exoplanet Found Orbiting HD 63433". SciNews. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Robert, Lea (January 12, 2024). "Newfound Earth-size exoplanet has a scorching-hot lava side". Space. Archived from the original on January 12, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gohd, Chelsea (January 10, 2024). "Discovery Alert: Earth-sized Planet Has a 'Lava Hemisphere'". science.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  6. ^ Thomson, Jess (January 12, 2024). "Hellish World With 2,294 F 'Lava Hemisphere' Discovered by NASA". Newsweek. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c "'Extra hot and young' Earth-sized exoplanet with a 'lava hemisphere' discovered". wionews.com. January 17, 2024.
  8. ^ Gough, Evan (January 12, 2024). "Half of this Exoplanet is Covered in Lava". Universe Today.
  9. ^ a b Staff, Buzz (16 January 2024). "NASA Telescope Discovers Half-Lava Exoplanet Of Same Size As Earth". News18. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Whitwam, Ryan (January 15, 2024). "Astronomers Discover Earth-Sized Planet That's Half Lava". ExtremeTech. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  11. ^ a b Szondy, David (January 11, 2024). "Tidally locked exo-Earth has a lava ocean hemisphere". New Atlas. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  12. ^ Maruccia, Alfonso (January 16, 2024). "NASA discovers new exoplanet with a "lava hemisphere" in a distant star system". Techspot. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c Mann, Andrew W.; Johnson, Marshall C.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Kraus, Adam L.; Rizzuto, Aaron C.; Wood, Mackenna L.; Bush, Jonathan L.; Rockcliffe, Keighley; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Latham, David W.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Zhou, George; Quinn, Samuel N.; Thao, Pa Chia; Benatti, Serena (2020-10-01). "TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). III. A Two-planet System in the 400 Myr Ursa Major Group". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (4): 179. arXiv:2005.00047. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..179M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abae64. ISSN 0004-6256.
  14. ^ "⬤ Exoplanet HD 63433 d". Stellar Catalog. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
  15. ^ Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (January 14, 2024). "Earth-sized exoplanet discovered in 'our solar backyard' by international team". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on January 20, 2024. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
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