Alexander McDonald (sculptor)

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Statue of the Duke of Gordon, Golden Square Aberdeen
Finishing of the granite base to the monument to Charles Garnier at Alexander MacDonald's yard in Aberdeen prior to shipping to Paris
McGrigor obelisk in Duthie Park
Tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

Alexander McDonald, M'Donald or MacDonald (1794 – 23 March 1860) was a Scottish sculptor specialising in granite. He was also an expert on Egyptian granite sculpture.

As a company, they were responsible for a huge number of major public monuments, graves and drinking fountains, all executed in polished granite, a technique perfected by the company.

The firm of Alexander McDonald & Co lasted from 1820 until 1941. Their most noteworthy works include the fountains in Trafalgar Square and the tomb of Albert and Queen Victoria.[1]

Alexander McDonald Sr.[edit]

He was born in the parish of Rannoch in Perthshire in 1794, the son of a crofter.[1]

He adapted the machines and equipment developed by Stewart McGlashan to enable the sculpting of granite. This had not been done since the time of the ancient Egyptians due to the extreme difficulty of working granite with any degree of accuracy. He travelled to the British Museum in London to make careful studies of the granite sculptures from ancient Egypt, removed from Luxor and Carnac. These inspired him to reinvent the lost skill of sculpting in granite.[2]

Taking machinery to Aberdeen (the main area of granite quarrying in Scotland) from 1829 onwards he developed a major (and highly profitable) business in creation of granite sculptures and headstones, of growing complexity with the passage of time. He also appears to have invested in nearby granite quarries, including Dancing Cairns Quarry in the Bucksburn district of north-west Aberdeen.[3]

In 1838 he went into business with William Leslie of Nethermuir, a building contractor and architect (and later Lord Provost of Aberdeen) but the business was dissolved in 1853 due to Leslie's growing interest in Aberdeen politics.[4]

In the Great Exhibition of 1851 at the Crystal Palace in London they earned several medals for the quality of their work.[1]

In the final years before his death he brought William Leslie of Nethermuir into the company to create McDonald & Leslie.[1]

He died of bronchitis on 23 March 1860 at his townhouse, 7 Bon Accord Square in Aberdeen.[5]

Alexander McDonald jr.[edit]

His son (1837-1884) continued the firm after his father's death. William Leslie appears to have got on better with father than son, and resigned in 1863 to go into local politics. McDonald jr. had brought Sydney Field into the firm in 1860 to increase artistry, and made him a full partner in 1863 when Leslie left, creating McDonald & Field.[6]

In 1864 Alexander had a stroke, and was confined to a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He continued to run the company and continued to enter international competitions winning further medals at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876 and Melbourne International Exhibition (1880).[1]

In 1867 they received a hugely important commission from Queen Victoria to create a Cairngall granite sarcophagus for Prince Albert to be placed in Frogmore, with the effigies on the upper slab being designed by Carlo Marochetti. Following this the firm declared themselves as "granite sculptors to the Queen".[1]

He made a trip to Rome in 1869 to make studies of sculpture.[7]

Around 1870 he commissioned Kepplestone House in Aberdeen and was thereafter referred to as Alexander McDonald of Kepplestone.[8]

He died on 27 December 1884 and is buried in a huge pink granite sarcophagus of his own design in the churchyard of St Machar's Cathedral.[9]

On his death he bequeathed 150 paintings to Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museum, including works by Joseph Edgar Boehm, George Anderson Lawson, G F Watts, Sir Joseph Noel Paton, G D Leslie, Sir Frederick Leighton, William MacTaggart and Edward Poynter.[10]

Continuing work[edit]

On McDonald jr's death, Sydney Field also decided to quit, and sold his share in the company to Robert Ferguson late in 1884. Ferguson kept his name out of the firm's name and renamed it simply MacDonald & Co also creating a sister company the Aberdeen Granite Works.[1]

By the end of the 19th century the company had also opened two premises in Glasgow (Byers Road and Robertson Street) plus a premises in London (369-375 Euston Road).[1]

The company received a group of commissions for South Africa, linked to the Boer War.[11]

McDonald & Co and the Aberdeen Granite Works were wound up in 1941.[1]

Works[edit]

The grave of Alexander and Hugh Allan, shipbuilders, Glasgow Necropolis

Drinking fountains[edit]

From around 1880 they began to specialise in drinking fountains. Notable examples include:

Artistic recognition[edit]

A bust of McDonald jr by William Brodie is held by the Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museum.[1]

Gallery[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Alexander MacDonald & Co. (fl. c. 1820 - 1941), sculptor, a biography". glasgowsculpture.com.
  2. ^ "A MacDonald". Mill Road Cemetery.
  3. ^ "Dancingcairns Quarries | Canmore". canmore.org.uk.
  4. ^ Dictionary of Scottish Architects: William Leslie
  5. ^ Aberdeen Post Office Directory 1860
  6. ^ The Granite Men by Jim Fiddes
  7. ^ "Alexander MacDonald - Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851-1951". sculpture.gla.ac.uk.
  8. ^ "Alexander MacDonald of Kepplestone | Aberdeen City Council". www.aberdeencity.gov.uk. September 18, 2017.
  9. ^ Aberdeen Press and Journal 30 December 1884
  10. ^ Society, Contemporary Art. "Aberdeen Art Gallery and Museums". Contemporary Art Society.
  11. ^ "The Aberdeen Granite Industry". www.john-clarke.co.uk.
  12. ^ Blackham, Candy (July 16, 2013). "The Fountains of Trafalgar Square". London Traveller.
  13. ^ "Geograph:: Memorial to Provost Robert Cochran © Lairich Rig cc-by-sa/2.0". www.geograph.org.uk.
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