Bryant Villeponteau

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Bryant Villeponteau
BornDecember 19, 1944
Camden, NJ
NationalityAmerican
EducationUCLA: BA, MS, Ph.D.
Awards1997 Distinguished Inventor Award for Cloning Human Telomerase RNA; Hetero-chromatin Loss Theory of Aging
Scientific career
FieldsAging, Alzheimer's Disease, Frailty, & Stem Cells
InstitutionsUCLA Biochemistry
University of Michigan
Genescient, Centagen

Bryant Villeponteau (born December 19, 1944) is an American scientist, entrepreneur, and longevity expert who has worked in both academia and industry.

His early work included the cloning of the RNA component of human telomerase when working at Geron Corporation, which led to his winning the 1997 Distinguished Inventor Award for cloning human telomerase along with three of his Geron teammates. In 2008, Villeponteau went on to serve as Vice President of Research of the aging genetics company Genescient, Inc., which uses machine learning technologies, biochemistry, and Drosophila genetics to develop therapeutics to help delay the aging process. He is also a cofounder of Centagen, Inc., which focuses on developing new technologies for extending human health and longevity by promoting adult stem cells.

Education and Academic Achievements[edit]

Villeponteau was born in the United States on December 19, 1944, and obtained a B.A. in economics, a M.S. in Public Health Biostatistics, and a Ph.D. in biology from UCLA in Los Angeles. Villeponteau was awarded a Molecular Biology Postdoctoral Fellowship in the UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry from 1978 to 1980, where he carried out genomic cloning of the B-globin gene cluster in Chickens....[1] He continued in the same department for six more years as Assistant Research Chemist studying gene expression and chromatin structure.[2][3][4][5][6] His torsional stress model of chromatin involvement in gene regulation[4] was reviewed in a "Nature News and Views" article (Nature 316, pp. 394–395, August 1985).

From 1986 to 1992 Villeponteau was an assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Michigan Medical School with a joint appointment in the Institute of Gerontology. At Michigan, Villeponteau mostly worked on human gene regulation[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Villeponteau also studied human cell aging using senescent human cells.[8][10][16][17][18]

Industry Achievements[edit]

In early 1992, Villeponteau was recruited as the first senior scientist at Geron Corporation with the goal of cloning the human telomerase genes. Telomerase is a two component enzyme (RNA and protein components) that maintains telomere length, which protects the ends of all chromosomes from damage or dysfunction. Since telomere length tends to shorten with age in humans leading to cellular senescence, telomerase was a potential key factor in promoting human aging from human cancer cells that led to the successful cloning of the first human telomerase gene in early 1994.[19][20]

Following the RNA component of telomerase cloning, Villeponteau worked on Telomerase Therapeutics at Geron. He helped with the cloning effort that eventually identified the protein component of human telomerase in mid-1997. For the successful human RNA telomerase cloning effort, Villeponteau was the senior scientist in the team of four Geron scientists that won the 1997 Distinguished Inventor Award in Washington DC. His subsequent work at Geron provided more evidence that telomeres and telomerase are significant factors in human aging.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Geron's academic collaborators Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol Greider later shared the 2009 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine with Jack Szostak for their early discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase.

In 1997 Villeponteau proposed the Heterochromatin Loss Model Of Aging,[22] which proposed that the epigenetics of heterochromatin structure plays an important role in aging. Heterchromatin is a repressor of gene expression and its loss leads to inappropriate gene expression with senescence. The model suggests that heterochromatin provides a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that underlies most of the changes in gene expression in senescence. Recent research in Drosophila has supported this heterochromatin loss model[28] and suggest that heterochromatin loss with age may be a unifying theory of aging[29]

From 2002 to 2008, Villeponteau worked for the Reno, NV biotech company Sierra Sciences in several science advisory positions. Sierra Sciences is a biotech company founded by Bill Andrews that develops drugs for telomerase activation and has filed many telomerase-related patents.

In 2008 Villeponteau joined Genescient as Vice President of Research. Genescient (an Irvine biotech spinoff of the University of California/UCI that was cofounded by Gregory Benford) uses advanced genomics and machine learning technologies to develop drugs and nutraceuticals for age-related disease.[30] At Genescient, Villeponteau worked with UCI professors Michael R. Rose, Larry Mueller, and Anthony Long to understand the genetic difference in long-lived Methuselah flies, which live 3 to 4 times longer than wild-type flies.[31][32]

Work with Stem Cells and Formation of Centagen[edit]

Geron Corporation was the first company to develop human embryonic stem cell lines in the mid-1990s. As the Champion of Telomerase Therapeutics at Geron, Villeponteau was interested in the status of telomerase in embryonic stem cells. As it turns out, embryonic stem cells have very high levels of telomerase. However, other aspects of embryonic stem cells were not ideal for human therapeutics (e.g. the formation of teratoma cancers), so many scientists and practitioners focused instead on adult stem cells, which do not typically generate tumors. In 2008, Villeponteau formulated a botanical mix that provided telomere support and boosted adult stem cell populations. Extensive work at Genescient showed definitively that the formulation can double maximum Drosophila life span under specific stress conditions[33]

In 2009 Villeponteau cofounded Centagen, which is a biotech company dedicated to developing stem cell technologies that can rejuvenate human adult stem cells from blood, bone marrow, or adipose tissue. Stem cell numbers and/or function decline with age. Many stem cell scientists hypothesize that stem cells hold the key to regenerating youthful function.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Villeponteau, B., and Martinson, H.G. (1981). Isolation and characterization of the complete chicken beta-globin gene region: frequent deletion of the adult beta-globin genes in lambda. Nucleic Acids Research 9, 3731-3746.
  2. ^ Villeponteau, B., and Martinson, H.G. (1987). Gamma rays and bleomycin nick DNA and reverse the DNase I sensitivity of beta-globin gene chromatin in vivo. Molecular and cellular biology 7, 1917-1924.
  3. ^ Villeponteau, B., Pribyl, T.M., Grant, M.H., and Martinson, H.G. (1986). Novobiocin induces the in vivo cleavage of active gene sequences in intact cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 10359-10365.
  4. ^ a b Villeponteau, B., Lundell, M., and Martinson, H.G. (1984). Torsional stress promotes the DNAase I sensitivity of active genes. Cell 39, 469-478.
  5. ^ Villeponteau, B., Landes, G.M., Pankratz, M.J., and Martinson, H.G. (1982). The chicken beta globin gene region. Delineation of transcription units and developmental regulation of interspersed DNA repeats. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 11015-11023.
  6. ^ Landes, G.M., Villeponteau, B., Pribyl, T.M., and Martinson, H.G. (1982). Hemoglobin switching in chickens. Is the switch initiated post-transcriptionally? The Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 11008-11014.
  7. ^ Yu, J., Bock, J.H., Slightom, J.L., and Villeponteau, B. (1994). The polyomavirus enhancer activates chromatin accessibility on integration into the HPRT gene. Molecular and cellular biology 12, 5785-5792.
  8. ^ a b Irving, J., Feng, J., Wistrom, C., Pikaart, M., and Villeponteau, B. (1992). An altered repertoire of fos/jun (AP-1) at the onset of replicative senescence. Experimental cell research 202, 161-166.
  9. ^ Feng, J., and Villeponteau, B. (1992). High-resolution analysis of c-fos chromatin accessibility using a novel DNase I-PCR assay. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1130, 253-258.
  10. ^ a b Pikaart, M., Irving, J., and Villeponteau, B. (1991). Decline in histone H5 phosphorylation during erythroid senescence in chick embryos. Mechanisms of ageing and development 59, 189-195.
  11. ^ Feng, J.L., Irving, J., and Villeponteau, B. (1991). A phosphatase inhibitor enhances the DNase I sensitivity of active chromatin. Biochemistry 30, 4747-4752.
  12. ^ Lois, R., Freeman, L., Villeponteau, B., and Martinson, H.G. (1990). Active beta-globin gene transcription occurs in methylated, DNase I-resistant chromatin of nonerythroid chicken cells. Molecular and cellular biology 10, 16-27.
  13. ^ Feng, J.L., and Villeponteau, B. (1990). Serum stimulation of the c-fos enhancer induces reversible changes in c-fos chromatin structure. Molecular and cellular biology 10, 1126-1133.
  14. ^ Villeponteau, B. (1989). Immunoglobulin kappa enhancers are differentially regulated at the level of chromatin structure. Molecular Immunology 44, 3407-3415.
  15. ^ Rubtsov, M.A., Polikanov, Y.S., Bondarenko, V.A., Wang, Y.H., and Studitsky, V.M. (2006). Chromatin structure can strongly facilitate enhancer action over a distance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 17690-17695.
  16. ^ Wistrom, C., Feng, J.L., and Villeponteau, B. (1989). Proliferative capacity of human fibroblasts when cultured in serum from young or old cows. Journal of gerontology 44, B160-163.
  17. ^ Wistrom, C., and Villeponteau, B. (1990). Long-term growth of diploid human fibroblasts in low serum media. Experimental gerontology 25, 97-105.
  18. ^ Wistrom, C., and Villeponteau, B. (1992). Cloning and expression of SAG: a novel marker of cellular senescence. Experimental cell research 199, 355-362.
  19. ^ Feng, J., Funk, W.D., Wang, S.S., Weinrich, S.L., Avilion, A.A., Chiu, C.P., Adams, R.R., Chang, E., Allsopp, R.C., Yu, J., et al. (1995). The RNA component of human telomerase. Science 269, 1236-1241.
  20. ^ Blasco, M.A., Funk, W., Villeponteau, B., and Greider, C.W. (1995). Functional characterization and developmental regulation of mouse telomerase RNA. Science 269, 1267-1270.
  21. ^ Saretzki, G., Feng, J., von Zglinicki, T., and Villeponteau, B. (1998). Similar gene expression pattern in senescent and hyperoxic-treated fibroblasts. The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 53, B438-442.
  22. ^ a b Villeponteau, B. (1997). The heterochromatin loss model of aging. Experimental gerontology 32, 383-394.
  23. ^ Marusic, L., Anton, M., Tidy, A., Wang, P., Villeponteau, B., and Bacchetti, S. (1997). Reprogramming of telomerase by expression of mutant telomerase RNA template in human cells leads to altered telomeres that correlate with reduced cell viability. Molecular and cellular biology 17, 6394-6401.
  24. ^ Kim, S., Villeponteau, B., and Jazwinski, S.M. (1996). Effect of replicative age on transcriptional silencing near telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 219, 370-376.
  25. ^ Effros, R.B., Allsopp, R., Chiu, C.P., Hausner, M.A., Hirji, K., Wang, L., Harley, C.B., Villeponteau, B., West, M.D., and Giorgi, J.V. (1996). Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis. Aids 10, F17-22.
  26. ^ von Zglinicki, T., Saretzki, G., Docke, W., and Lotze, C. (1995). Mild hyperoxia shortens telomeres and inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts: a model for senescence? Experimental cell research 220, 186-193.
  27. ^ Harley, C.B., and Villeponteau, B. (1995). Telomeres and telomerase in aging and cancer. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 5, 249-255.
  28. ^ Larson, K., Yan, S.J., Tsurumi, A., Liu, J., Zhou, J., Gaur, K., Guo, D., Eickbush, T.H., and Li, W.X. (2012). Heterochromatin formation promotes longevity and represses ribosomal RNA synthesis. PLoS Genetics 8, e1002473.
  29. ^ Tsurumi, A., and Li, W.X. (2012). Global heterochromatin loss: a unifying theory of aging? Epigenetics : official journal of the DNA Methylation Society 7, 680-688.
  30. ^ Matsagas, K., Lim, D.B., Horwitz, M., Rizza, C.L., Mueller, L.D., Villeponteau, B., and Rose, M.R. (2009). Long-term functional side-effects of stimulants and sedatives in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE 4, e6578.
  31. ^ Rose, M.R., Long, A.D., Mueller, L.D., Rizza, C.L., Matsagas, K.C., Greer, L.F., and Villeponteau, B. (2009). Evolutionary Nutrigenomics. In Experimental Evolution, T. Garland and M.R. Rose, eds. (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press).
  32. ^ Rose, M.R., Long, A.D., Mueller, L.D., Rizza, C.L., Matsagas, K.C., Greer, L.F., and Villeponteau, B. (2010). Evolutionary Nutrigenomics. In The Future of Aging, G.M. Fahy, M.D. West, L.S. Coles, and S.B. Harris, eds. (Berlin, Germany, Springer), pp 357-366.
  33. ^ Villeponteau, B., Matsagas, K., Nobles, A.C., Rizza, C., Horwitz, M., Benford, G., and Mockett, R.J. (2015). Herbal supplement extends life span under some environmental conditions and boosts stress resistance. PLoS ONE 10, e0119068.

External links[edit]

1. Biotech company Centagen, Inc.

2. Testing for mortality: Why I measured my telomeres

3. Distinguished Inventor Award

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