Pinjor Formation
| Pinjor Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Pliocene-Pleistocene ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 30°42′N 76°48′E / 30.7°N 76.8°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 29°12′N 77°18′E / 29.2°N 77.3°E |
| Region | Hariyana, Punjab India, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab Pakistan, Chandigarh |
| Country | |
  Pinjor Formation (India) | |
The Pinjor Formation is a Cenozoic geologic formation in India. The fossils of large crocodilians and mammals have been recovered from the formation.[1]
Paleobiota[edit]
Reptiles[edit]
| Reptiles from the Pinjor Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Location | Notes | Images |
| Rhamphosuchus[2] | R. crassidens | piece of rostrum, middle portion of craniurns, hind portion of mandibular symphysis, quadrate and quadratojugal, partial mandibular symphysis, several vertebrae, left ilium, small left ilium, right fibula, and several scute. | Chandigarh | A large gharial |  |
| Gavialis | G. browni | Chandigarh | Gharials |  | |
| G. gangeticus | |||||
| G. sp. | |||||
| Crocodylus | C. palustris | Chandigarh | Mugger Crocodiles | ||
| C. biporcatus | |||||
| C. palaeoindicus | |||||
| Varanus[3] | V. sivalensis | Distal end of right humerus and dorsal vertebrae | Chandigarh | A large monitor lizard similar to Komodo dragon | |
| Omegachelys | O. sahnii | Uttar Pradesh, | A Emydidae Turtle. | ||
| Geoclemys | G. hamiltonii | Uttar Pradesh | A Geoemydidae Turtle. | ||
| Hardella | H. thurjii | Uttar Pradesh | A Geoemydidae Turtle. | ||
| Megalochelys | sp. | Chandigarh | A Soricidae. | ||
Mammals[edit]
| Mammals from the Pinjor Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Location | Notes | Images |
| Elephas | E. maximus | Chandigarh | Asian elephants. |  | |
| E. platycephalus | |||||
| E. hysudriscus | |||||
| E. planifrons | |||||
| Mus | M. linnaeusi | Chandigarh | A Rat. | ||
| M. flynni | |||||
| Tatera | T. pinjoricus | Chandigarh | A Gerbillinae. | ||
| T. sp. | |||||
| Punjabitherium | P. platyrhinum | Punjab | A Rhinoceros. | ||
| Sivatherium | S. giganteum | Chandigarh | A Giraffe. | ||
| Coelodonta | C. platyrhinus | Chandigarh | A Woolly rhinoceros. | ||
| Camelus | C. sivalensis[4] | Chandigarh | A Camel. | ||
| Stegodon | S. bombifrons | Chandigarh | A Stegodon. | ||
| S. insignis | |||||
| Vishnuictis | V. hinduiensis | Chandigarh | A large Viverrid. | ||
| Enhydriodon | E. sivalensis | Himachal Pradesh | A large Otter. | ||
| E. falconeri | |||||
| Crocidura | sp. | Chandigarh | A Soricidae. | ||
| Golunda | sp. | Chandigarh | A Murine. | ||
| Bandicota | sp. | Chandigarh | A Muridae. | ||
| Cremnomys | C. blanfordi | Chandigarh | A Rodent. | ||
| Crocidura | sp. | Chandigarh | A Muridae. | ||
| Dilatomys | sp. | Chandigarh | A Muridae. | ||
Crustaceans[edit]
| Mammals from the Pinjor Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Location | Notes | Images |
| Potamon | sp. | Chandigarh | A Crab. | ||
References[edit]
- ^ V. Kumaravel, S. J. Sangode; Rohtash Kumar, N. Siva Siddaiah (2005). "Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Plio–Pleistocene Pinjor Formation (type locality), Siwalik Group, NW Himalaya, India". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad184.
- ^ Martin, J. E. (2018). "The taxonomic content of the genus Gavialis from the Siwalik Hills of India and Pakistan" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (3): 483–497. doi:10.1002/spp2.1247.
- ^ Hocknull, Scott; Piper, Philip; Van den Bergh, Gert; Due, Rokus; Morwood, Michael; Kurniawan, Iwan (2009). "Dragon's Paradise Lost: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and Extinction of the Largest-Ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae)". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e7241. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7241H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007241. PMC 2748693. PMID 19789642.
- ^ Falconer, Hugh (1868). Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer: Fauna antiqua sivalensis. R. Hardwicke. p. 231.