List of United States tornadoes from January to February 1983

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In January 1983, 13 tornadoes were reported in the United States, with two fatalities occurring in Louisiana and a total of $11.325 million (1983 USD) in damage being reported.[1] In February 1983, 44 tornadoes were reported in the United States with one fatality occurring in Florida and a total of $17.833 million (1983 USD) in damage being reported.[2]

Prior to 1990, there is a likely undercount of tornadoes, particularly E/F0–1, with reports of weaker tornadoes becoming more common as population increased. A sharp increase in the annual average E/F0–1 count by approximately 200 tornadoes was noted upon the implementation of NEXRAD Doppler weather radar in 1990–1991.[3][note 1] 1974 marked the first year where significant tornado (E/F2+) counts became homogenous with contemporary values, attributed to the consistent implementation of Fujita scale assessments.[7][note 2] Numerous discrepancies on the details of tornadoes in this outbreak exist between sources. The total count of tornadoes and ratings differs from various agencies accordingly. The list below documents information from the most contemporary official sources alongside assessments from tornado historian Thomas P. Grazulis.

Color/symbol key
Color / symbol Description
† Data from Grazulis 1990/1993/2001b
Data from a local National Weather Service office
※ Data from the 1983 Storm Data publication
‡ Data from the NCEI database
♯ Maximum width of tornado
± Tornado was rated below F2 intensity by Grazulis but a specific rating is unavailable.

January[edit]

January 29 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Saturday, January 29, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F1 Panama City Beach Bay FL 30°11′N 85°48′W / 30.18°N 85.80°W / 30.18; -85.80 (Panama City Beach (Jan. 29, F1)) 04:15–? 0.7 mi (1.1 km) 30 yd (27 m) $2,500,000
A waterspout moved ashore and demolished 47 mobile homes. The tornado overturned 25 boats, ripped roofs off multiple homes, and downed numerous trees and power lines.[14][15][16]

January 31 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Monday, January 31, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F1 Spanish Camp to NW of Hungerford※ Wharton TX 29°24′N 96°10′W / 29.40°N 96.17°W / 29.40; -96.17 (Hungerford (Jan. 31, F1)) 15:30–? 5 mi (8.0 km) 60 yd (55 m) $250,000
An F1 tornado wrecked a spacious tin barn, destroying a boat, truck, and camper stored inside. A pump house and a garage received minimal damage. Another barn was destroyed as well. The National Centers for Environmental Information incorrectly list the path as starting north of Spanish Camp, west of Hungerford.[17][18]
F1 S of Tamina to N of Chateau Woods※ Montgomery TX 30°10′N 95°26′W / 30.17°N 95.43°W / 30.17; -95.43 (Chateau Woods (Jan. 31, F1)) 16:00–? 2.5 mi (4.0 km)※ 40 yd (37 m) $2,500,000
An F1 tornado lofted tree limbs and stones, thereby shattering windows in, and damaging roofing and doors of, 51 businesses and homes, 29 of which incurred heavy damage. Fencing and trees were pulled out of the ground as well.[17][19]
F2 Sealy Austin TX 29°47′N 96°08′W / 29.78°N 96.13°W / 29.78; -96.13 (Sealy (Jan. 31, F2)) 16:15–? 3 mi (4.8 km) 60 yd (55 m) $2,500,000
Various outbuildings, a mobile home, many barns, and three homes were wrecked. Trees were downed as well. Four people were injured.[20][21][22]
F1 W of Clute※ Brazoria TX 29°01′N 95°57′W / 29.02°N 95.95°W / 29.02; -95.95 (Manvel (Jan. 31, F1)) 19:07–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 20 yd (18 m) $250,000
Eight homes were destroyed or damaged. The NCEI wrongly said this tornado occurred north of Bay City in Matagorda County, Texas.[21][23]
F2† Beaumont Jefferson TX 30°05′N 94°11′W / 30.08°N 94.18°W / 30.08; -94.18 (Beaumont (Jan. 31, F2)) 20:00–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 40 yd (37 m) $2,500,000
An extremely brief but strong tornado struck a 100-unit pair of apartment complexes in Beaumont, destroying or damaging a total of about half the units. A person was injured in one of the apartments. Chimneys and roofing were damaged as well. The NCEI list this tornado as an F3, but Grazulis found it to be F2.[20][21][24]
F1 Between Holly Beach and Johnson Bayou Cameron LA 29°46′N 93°36′W / 29.77°N 93.60°W / 29.77; -93.60 (Cameron Parish (Jan. 31, F1)) 23:41–? 1 mi (1.6 km)‡ 20 yd (18 m)‡ $30
A brief F1 tornado was observed near the Sabine National Wildlife Refuge.[25][26]
F2± Vidrine to NW of Ville Platte※ Evangeline※ LA 30°43′N 92°22′W / 30.72°N 92.37°W / 30.72; -92.37 (Miller Lake (Jan. 31, F2)) 00:00–? 3 mi (4.8 km) 50 yd (46 m) $250,000
A strong tornado wrecked 15 fishing camps on Millers Lake. Trees, fencing, and a barn were wrecked at Vidrine. The NCEI incorrectly list the parish as East Feliciana.[20][25][27]
F1 Westlake※ Calcasieu LA 30°14′N 93°14′W / 30.23°N 93.23°W / 30.23; -93.23 (Lake Charles (Jan. 31, F1)) 01:30–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) $25,000
Power lines, trees, roofs, and windows were damaged just west of Lake Charles.[25][28]
F2† Leleux※ Vermilion LA 30°01′N 92°16′W / 30.02°N 92.27°W / 30.02; -92.27 (Kaplan (Jan. 31, F2)) 03:00–? 6 mi (9.7 km) 100 yd (91 m) $250,000
1 death — One home was destroyed and a few others negligibly damaged. Three people were injured. At least two other tornadoes struck Kaplan while this event was in progress, but were not rated by the National Weather Service. The NCEI list this tornado as an F3, but Grazulis found it to be F2.[20][29][30]
F2† S of Bunkie※ to NNW of Evergreen Avoyelles LA 30°56′N 92°10′W / 30.93°N 92.17°W / 30.93; -92.17 (Bunkie (Jan. 31, F3)) 03:30–? 5 mi (8.0 km) 100 yd (91 m) $250,000
1 death — A mobile home was destroyed and agricultural outbuildings damaged. Two people were injured. The NCEI list this tornado as an F3, but Grazulis found it to be F2.[20][29][31]
F2 E of Leonville to E of Port Barre St. Landry LA 30°28′N 91°56′W / 30.47°N 91.93°W / 30.47; -91.93 (St. Landry (Jan. 31, F2)) 04:15–? 7 mi (11 km) 100 yd (91 m) $25,000
Sheds, a pair of trailers, and numerous barns were destroyed.[20][29][32]
F2 Brusly West Baton Rouge LA 30°23′N 91°14′W / 30.38°N 91.23°W / 30.38; -91.23 (West Baton Rouge (Jan 31, F2)) 05:30–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km)‡ 33 yd (30 m)‡ $25,000
One home lost its roof and was destroyed. A few others received minor damage.[20][29][33]

February[edit]

February 1 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Tuesday, February 1, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F1 SE of Hurley※ Jackson MS 30°38′N 88°26′W / 30.63°N 88.43°W / 30.63; -88.43 (Hurley (Feb. 1, F1)) 11:00–? 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 75 yd (69 m)※ $250,000
A trailer was flipped, injuring three people.[34][35]
F0 Northwestern Mobile Mobile AL 30°43′N 88°10′W / 30.72°N 88.17°W / 30.72; -88.17 (Mobile (Feb. 1, F0)) 11:30–? 4 mi (6.4 km) 150 yd (140 m) $25,000
Six homes, power lines, and a few buildings at a shopping center were damaged, mostly by fallen trees. Airborne glass damaged automobiles and caused a minor injury.[36][37]
F1 Warrington to western Pensacola※ Escambia FL 30°23′N 87°16′W / 30.38°N 87.27°W / 30.38; -87.27 (Warrington (Feb. 2, F1)) 13:45–? 5 mi (8.0 km) 40 yd (37 m) $250,000
A tornado tipped over traffic barriers, knocked down traffic lights, and damaged trees, power lines, and roofing. One person was injured.[38][39]
F0 E of Pensacola Beach※ Santa Rosa FL 30°20′N 87°09′W / 30.33°N 87.15°W / 30.33; -87.15 (Pensacola Beach (Feb. 2, F0)) 14:10–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 20 yd (18 m) $250
Damage was mainly limited to broken tree limbs, though an automobile was flipped as well.[38][40]
F1 Auburn Okaloosa FL 30°49′N 86°33′W / 30.82°N 86.55°W / 30.82; -86.55 (Auburn (Feb. 2, F1)) 14:30–? 0.4 mi (0.64 km) 20 yd (18 m) $25,000
The concrete base of a 60-foot-tall (18 m) metal television antenna was uplifted and the tower itself felled. Nearby barns and sheds were flattened as well.[38][41]
F2± New Harmony Walton FL 30°51′N 86°17′W / 30.85°N 86.28°W / 30.85; -86.28 (New Harmony (Feb. 2, F2)) 15:30–? 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 30 yd (27 m) $25,000
A mobile home was torn off its CBU foundation and overturned, severely injuring its occupant.[20][38][42]

February 2 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Wednesday, February 2, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F1 Pine Island Hernando FL 28°34′N 82°39′W / 28.57°N 82.65°W / 28.57; -82.65 (Pine Island (Feb. 2, F1)) 09:30–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 20 yd (18 m) $25,000
A trailer was destroyed and several permanent residences damaged. Trees were downed as well.[38][43]
F1 Floral City Citrus FL 28°45′N 82°17′W / 28.75°N 82.28°W / 28.75; -82.28 (Floral City (Feb. 2, F1)) 09:45–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 30 yd (27 m) $25,000
Rural trees, mobile homes, power lines, and signage were damaged. One person was injured.[38][44]
F2 Shiloh to Micanopy※ Marion※, Alachua FL 29°31′N 82°16′W / 29.52°N 82.27°W / 29.52; -82.27 (Shiloh (Feb. 2, F2)) 10:40–? 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 20 yd (18 m) $250,000
Five mobile homes were destroyed and a number of frame homes unroofed. Four injuries were reported, three of them serious.[20][38][45]
F1 St. Petersburg Pinellas FL 27°46′N 82°40′W / 27.77°N 82.67°W / 27.77; -82.67 (St. Petersburg (Feb. 2, F1)) 11:00–? 0.6 mi (0.97 km) 40 yd (37 m) $250,000
20 businesses, four homes, power lines, and trees were damaged. Windows were smashed as well. One person was mildly injured.[38][46]
F1 Barberville Volusia FL 29°11′N 81°26′W / 29.18°N 81.43°W / 29.18; -81.43 (Barberville (Feb. 2, F1)) 11:30–? 0.2 mi (0.32 km) 10 yd (9.1 m) $2,500
A home sustained damage, mostly to roofing and a window, and trees and sheds were felled.[38][47]
F2± SW of Dover to NW of Plant City Hillsborough FL 27°59′N 82°13′W / 27.98°N 82.22°W / 27.98; -82.22 (Dover (Feb. 2, F2)) 11:50–? 4 mi (6.4 km) 40 yd (37 m) $250,000
25 trailers were damaged to varying degrees. Trees and signs were downed and windows shattered.[20][48][49]
F1 Arcadia De Soto FL 27°13′N 81°52′W / 27.22°N 81.87°W / 27.22; -81.87 (Arcadia (Feb. 2, F1)) 13:20–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 30 yd (27 m) $2,500
A shed was wrecked and a roof blown off. Trees were affected nearby.[48][50]
F1 New Smyrna Beach Volusia FL 29°01′N 80°56′W / 29.02°N 80.93°W / 29.02; -80.93 (New Smyrna Beach (Feb. 2, F1)) 13:40–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 50 yd (46 m) $250,000
A 2-tonne (2,000 kg) air compressor was blown off the roof of a condominium, and a fallen tree penetrated the roof of a home. A nearby marina and watercraft were extensively damaged. Trees were felled and mobile homes tipped onto their sides.[48][51]
F2 Northern Orlando※ Orange FL 28°33′N 81°22′W / 28.55°N 81.37°W / 28.55; -81.37 (Northern Orlando (Feb. 2, F2)) 13:45–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 20 yd (18 m) $250,000
A few homes were destroyed. Trees, power lines, and signage were downed.[20][48][52]
F0 Winter Park Orange FL 28°36′N 81°20′W / 28.60°N 81.33°W / 28.60; -81.33 (Winter Park (Feb. 2, F0)) 14:00–? 0.2 mi (0.32 km) 20 yd (18 m) $250
Little billboards and signs were toppled, landing on automobiles below. Power lines and trees were also damaged.[48][53]
F2 Southeastern Orlando※ Orange FL 28°33′N 81°22′W / 28.55°N 81.37°W / 28.55; -81.37 (Southeastern Orlando (Feb. 2, F2)) 14:05–? 5 mi (8.0 km) 50 yd (46 m) $2,500,000
This tornado impacted a sprawling apartment complex, wrecking eight units and damaging 56 others. Nine people were injured at the complex. Additionally, 15 frame homes were partly or wholly unroofed.[20][48][54]
F2 De Soto City Highlands FL 27°27′N 81°24′W / 27.45°N 81.40°W / 27.45; -81.40 (De Soto City (Feb. 2, F2)) 14:20–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 40 yd (37 m) $250,000
1 death – 36 trailers were destroyed or damaged and a pair of frame homes unroofed. A vehicle was also damaged.[20][48][55]
F1 Southern Rockledge※ Brevard FL 28°15′N 80°43′W / 28.25°N 80.72°W / 28.25; -80.72 (Rockledge (Feb. 2, F1)) 15:48–? 0.4 mi (0.64 km) 30 yd (27 m) $25,000
The roof of an automobile repair shop was damaged. The NCEI list the touchdown as near Viera.[48][56]
F2 Jensen Beach Martin FL 27°15′N 80°14′W / 27.25°N 80.23°W / 27.25; -80.23 (Jensen Beach (Feb. 2, F2)) 18:20–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 50 yd (46 m) $250,000
A number of trailers were destroyed and a frame home shorn of its roof. 14 other trailers received damage. One person was injured.[20][48][57]

February 5 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Saturday, February 5, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F0 Brusly West Baton Rouge LA 30°23′N 91°14′W / 30.38°N 91.23°W / 30.38; -91.23 (Live Oak (Feb. 5, F0)) 02:30 1 mi (1.6 km) 50 yd (46 m) $25,000
A small, weak tornado impacted the Live Oak subdivision, which caused severe roof damage to two homes with numerous trees and fences destroyed. This was the second tornado to hit Brusly in just five days.[58][59]

February 9 event[edit]

This section is an excerpt from February 1983 North American blizzard § February 9 event.[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes — Wednesday, February 9, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F1 New Waverly Walker TX 30°32′N 95°30′W / 30.53°N 95.50°W / 30.53; -95.50 (New Waverly (Feb. 9, F0)) 18:30–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 40 yd (37 m) $250,000
A hay-filled barn was uplifted, bits of which were thrown 200 yd (180 m).[63][64]
F2± Southwestern Houston Harris TX 29°39′N 95°27′W / 29.65°N 95.45°W / 29.65; -95.45 (Houston #1 (Feb. 9, F2)) 19:30–? 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 50 yd (46 m) $250,000
A carport was damaged, along with four warehouses, three of which were unroofed. Three injuries were reported.[20][63][65]
F1 Pasadena※ Harris TX 29°42′N 95°02′W / 29.70°N 95.03°W / 29.70; -95.03 (Pasadena (Feb. 9, F1)) 19:50–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 20 yd (18 m) $250,000
A few trailers, fences, roofs, traffic lights, and a utility pole were damaged.[63][66]
F1 Northern Houston※ Harris TX 29°42′N 95°16′W / 29.70°N 95.27°W / 29.70; -95.27 (Houston #2 (Feb. 9, F1)) 20:10–? 1 mi (1.6 km) 20 yd (18 m) $25,000
This tornado flattened a carport and damaged a garage.[63][67]
F0 Western Huntsville Walker TX 30°43′N 95°37′W / 30.72°N 95.62°W / 30.72; -95.62 (Huntsville (Feb. 9, F0)) 20:15–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 20 yd (18 m) Un­known
A tornado developed over agricultural land, doing no known structural damage.[63][68]
F1 Coldspring San Jacinto TX 30°36′N 95°07′W / 30.60°N 95.12°W / 30.60; -95.12 (Coldspring (Feb. 9, F1)) 20:20–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 30 yd (27 m) $250,000
This tornado caused fallen utility poles and trees to land on a house. Billboards were shredded as well, and the tornado also traversed Texas State Highway 156.[63][69]
F2± N of Manvel to near Pearland※ Brazoria TX 29°29′N 95°21′W / 29.48°N 95.35°W / 29.48; -95.35 (Manvel (Feb. 9, F2)) 20:25–? 8 mi (13 km) 50 yd (46 m) $25,000
Trees and a few carports were torn apart.[20][63][70]
F2† SE of Eunice Acadia LA 30°26′N 92°20′W / 30.43°N 92.33°W / 30.43; -92.33 (Eunice (Feb. 9, F2)) 23:30–? 3 mi (4.8 km) 150 yd (140 m) $250,000
This tornado affected the Richard–Hundley area, almost leveling a small home.[20][71][72]
F3 E of Church Point to NNE of Courtableau Acadia, St. Landry LA 30°24′N 92°11′W / 30.40°N 92.18°W / 30.40; -92.18 (Church Point (Feb. 9, F3)) 23:45–? 21 mi (34 km) 150 yd (140 m) $2,500,000※
This was a multiple-vortex tornado. A church, a grain elevator, and at least seven homes were demolished. Seven people were injured.[73][71][74][75][76]

February 10 event[edit]

This section is an excerpt from February 1983 North American blizzard § February 10 event.[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes — Thursday, February 10, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F0 Southwestern Miami Dade FL 25°39′N 80°26′W / 25.65°N 80.43°W / 25.65; -80.43 (Southwestern Miami (Feb. 10, F0)) 21:45–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 20 yd (18 m) $30
This tornado caused window damage, felled trees, and downed power lines.[38][77]
F0 Western Hollywood※ Broward FL 26°08′N 80°08′W / 26.13°N 80.13°W / 26.13; -80.13 (Hollywood (Feb. 10, F0)) 22:00–? 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 20 yd (18 m) $25,000
Coincident with golf ball-sized hail, this tornado damaged roofing and trees.[38][78]
F1 West Palm Beach※ Palm Beach FL 26°41′N 80°08′W / 26.68°N 80.13°W / 26.68; -80.13 (West Palm Beach (Feb. 10, F1)) 22:42–? 2 mi (3.2 km) 40 yd (37 m) $2,500
Power lines, fencing, and screened pool enclosures were knocked down. Trees were felled as well.[38][79]

February 22 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Tuesday, February 22, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F2 Walker, Winston AL
F2 Cullman AL
F1 Cullman AL
F1 Ben Hill GA
F2 Marshall AL
F1 Bacon GA
F1 Bacon GA

February 27 event[edit]

List of confirmed tornadoes — Sunday, February 27, 1983[note 3]
F# Location County / Parish State Start Coord.[note 4] Time (UTC) Path length Width[note 5] Damage[note 6]
F1 N of Santa Rosa※ Sonoma CA 38°27′N 122°42′W / 38.45°N 122.70°W / 38.45; -122.70 (Santa Rosa (Feb. 27, F1)) 13:20–? 0.75 mi (1.21 km)※ 300 yd (270 m)※ $250,000※
On Oakhaven Court one home’s roof was ripped off and two other homes lost some of their roof shingles. Losses may have totaled $1 million.[80][81][82]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Historically, the number of tornadoes globally and in the United States was and is likely underrepresented: research by Grazulis on annual tornado activity suggests that, as of 2001, only 53% of yearly U.S. tornadoes were officially recorded. Documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information.[4] Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life.[5] Significant low biases in U.S. tornado counts likely occurred through the early 1990s, when advanced NEXRAD was first installed and the National Weather Service began comprehensively verifying tornado occurrences.[6]
  2. ^ The Fujita scale was devised under the aegis of scientist T. Theodore Fujita in the early 1970s. Prior to the advent of the scale in 1971, tornadoes in the United States were officially unrated.[8][9] Tornado ratings were retroactively applied to events prior to the formal adoption of the F-scale by the National Weather Service.[10] While the Fujita scale has been superseded by the Enhanced Fujita scale in the U.S. since February 1, 2007,[11] Canada used the old scale until April 1, 2013;[12] nations elsewhere, like the United Kingdom, apply other classifications such as the TORRO scale.[13]
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i All starting coordinates are based on the NCEI database and may not reflect contemporary analyses
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i The listed width values are primarily the average/mean width of the tornadoes, with those having known maximum widths denoted by ♯. From 1952 to 1994, reports largely list mean width whereas contemporary years list maximum width.[60] Values provided by Grazulis are the average width, with estimates being rounded down (i.e. 0.5 mi (0.80 km) is rounded down from 880 yards to 800 yards.[61][62]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Storm Data publication does not list exact damage totals for every event, instead giving damage categories. As such, damage for individual tornadoes is not comprehensive.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, Events reported
  2. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, Events reported
  3. ^ Agee and Childs 2014, p. 1496.
  4. ^ Grazulis 2001a, pp. 251–4.
  5. ^ Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). "The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC)". Storm Prediction Center: Frequently Asked Questions about Tornadoes. Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  6. ^ Cook & Schaefer 2008, p. 3135.
  7. ^ Agee and Childs 2014, pp. 1497, 1503.
  8. ^ Grazulis 1993, p. 141.
  9. ^ Grazulis 2001a, p. 131.
  10. ^ Edwards et al. 2013, p. 641–642.
  11. ^ Edwards, Roger (March 5, 2015). "Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage". The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC). Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  12. ^ "Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF-Scale)". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Environment and Climate Change Canada. June 6, 2013. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  13. ^ "The International Tornado Intensity Scale". Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  14. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #9999788
  15. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Storm Data 1983a, p. 11
      • "Storm Data" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022. A Waterspout moved onshore at Panama City Beach at about 1015 P.M. local time. Damage was in a 3/4 mile area including 47 mobile homes demolished, 25 boats overturned, roofs ripped off several homes, and trees and power lines blown down.
  16. ^ "Bay County, FL Tornado Database". National Weather Service of Tallahassee, Florida. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  17. ^ a b Storm Data 1983a, p. 16.
  18. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141023
  19. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141024
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Grazulis 1993, p. 1245.
  21. ^ a b c Storm Data 1983a, p. 17.
  22. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141165
  23. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141179
  24. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141180
  25. ^ a b c Storm Data 1983a, p. 12.
  26. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10046210
  27. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10046211
  28. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10046212
  29. ^ a b c d Storm Data 1983a, p. 13.
  30. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10046215
  31. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10046217
  32. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042863
  33. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042869
  34. ^ Storm Data 1983, p. 19.
  35. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10062962
  36. ^ Storm Data 1983, p. 14.
  37. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #9976353
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Storm Data 1983, p. 16.
  39. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #9999790
  40. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000634
  41. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000635
  42. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000846
  43. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000849
  44. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000850
  45. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000856
  46. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000857
  47. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000861
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i Storm Data 1983, p. 17.
  49. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000862
  50. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000866
  51. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000868
  52. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000869
  53. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000871
  54. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000872
  55. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000873
  56. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000875
  57. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000876
  58. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042880
  59. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Storm Data 1983, p. 18
    • "Storm Data February 1983" (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022. A small tornado struck the Live Oak subdivision in the town of Brusly Landing. Severe roof damage occurred to two homes with numerous trees and fences destroyed. No injuries reported.
  60. ^ Agee and Childs 2014, p. 1494.
  61. ^ Brooks 2004, p. 310.
  62. ^ Grazulis 1990, p. ix.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g Storm Data 1983, p. 22.
  64. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141190
  65. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141192
  66. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141193
  67. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141194
  68. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141195
  69. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141196
  70. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10141197
  71. ^ a b Storm Data 1983, p. 18.
  72. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042881
  73. ^ Grazulis 1993, p. 1246.
  74. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042882
  75. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042883
  76. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10042884
  77. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000881
  78. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000882
  79. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #10000886
  80. ^ "Severe Weather Database Files (1950-2021)". Storm Prediction Center Maps, Graphics, and Data Page. Norman, Oklahoma: Storm Prediction Center. July 11, 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  81. ^ Storm Data 1983, p. 15.
  82. ^ Storm Data Publication 1983, #9992408

Sources[edit]

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