Heinz-Edgar Berres

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Heinz-Edgar Berres
Born10 January 1920
Koblenz
Died25 July 1943(1943-07-25) (aged 23)
over the Strait of Messina, Italy
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branchBalkenkreuz (Iron Cross) Luftwaffe
Years of service1940–43
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 77
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Heinz-Edgar Berres (10 January 1920 – 25 July 1943) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Berres was shot down on 25 July 1943 over Sicily. Berres claimed 52 victories in 354 missions. He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross and promoted to Hauptmann.

World War II[edit]

Berres was born on 10 January 1920 in Koblenz, at the time in the Rhine Province during the Occupation of the Rhineland.[1] He was posted to 3.(J)./Lehrgeschwader 2—3rd Squadron (fighter) of Demonstration Wing 2, in the summer, 1941. Berres was posted to the Soviet Union in the latter stage of Operation Barbarossa. At 13:57 on 29 November, he claimed his first victory when he shot down a Tupolev SB.[2] That day, I.(J)/LG 2 flew combat air patrol in the vicinity south of Rostov.[3] On 1 December 1941, I.(J)/LG 2 began relocation to Mariupol in southeastern Ukraine while the II. Gruppe was sent to Germany for replenishment.[4] On 29 December 1941, Berres claimed his second victory, a Polikarpov I-15 claimed at 10:20 in a mission to the port city Taganrog.[5]

On 28 February 1942, Berres shot down a Polikarpov I-16 and a Polikarpov R-5 reconnaissance aircraft on 9 March 1942. On 24 March, he claimed a single I-16, and an I-61, a reference to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3, and 27 March, to surpass the 5-victory mark and become a flying ace with six victories.[6]

The unit was re-designated 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—Fighter Wing 77) on 6 January 1942 and in March 1942 he was transferred to 1./JG 77. Berres was transferred to Romania to defend its airspace from enemy incursions. On 12 June 1942, 13 Consolidated B-24 Liberators of the "Halverson project" (HALPRO) attacked Ploiești. Berres' Staffel was scrambled to intercept. Berres claimed one B-24D shot down.[7]

Malta operations[edit]

1. Staffel moved to Sicily in June 1942. The fighter group was to engaged in fighter patrols and escort duties over Malta as Axis forces laid siege to the island. On 8 July 1942 Berres claimed his first—and 8th overall—over Malta. On this day he shot down Supermarine Spitfire BR108 of No. 603 Squadron RAF flown by Flight Lieutenant L.V Sanders.[8] On 18 July 1942 Berres claimed a Spitfire for his 10th victory while escorting Junkers Ju 88 bombers. JG 77 claimed two and I./Jagdgeschwader 53 claimed one. The other claimant was Siegfried Freytag who claimed his 60th victory. No. 126 Squadron RAF lost Flight Lieutenant Charles B. MacLean in BR323 badly wounded. Pilot Officer C. H. Latimer BR170 was wounded but managed to land after his Spitfire was badly damaged by a Bf 109.[9] On 15 September 1942 Berres downed BP867 of 249 Squadron, flown by Flight Sergeant Bernard Peters who was killed.[10] On 24 September 1942 Berres shot down EP136 piloted by Pilot Officer Moody of No. 249 Squadron RAF for his 14th victory.[11] Berres achieved four victories in October 1942 as the Luftwaffe made its last major effort over the island before the end of the siege. By the end of operations Berres has accounted for 18 Allied aircraft—11 over Malta.[12]

North Africa[edit]

On 8 November 1942 Operation Torch began and Allied forces invaded Vichy French Morocco and Algeria. The Germans and Italians allocated large forces to prevent the Allied advance into Tunisia. The Run for Tunis was a success, and the fall of the country into Allied hands was prevented. JG 77 was among the units sent from Sicily to support the Axis forces in the Tunisian Campaign. On 1 November Berres claimed a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk over Bir-el-Abd, and other on 3 November northwest of Quotaifiya, and at 10:31 on 11 November 1942 he claimed another over Marble Arch.[13] On 7 December Berres claimed a Martin Baltimore west of El Haseiat.[14] The aircraft was from 60 Squadron SAAF, part of the 1437 Strategic Recce Flight.[15] The 11 December claim for a P-40 east of Ras Umm el Gavanigh was the Hawker Hurricane from 40 Squadron SAAF piloted by Lieutenant Shepherd.[16] Berres' last victory of 1942 was a Spitfire over El Agheila on 14 December. The claim was his 25th aerial victory.[17]

On 8 and 14 January 1943 he claimed a solitary victory over a Spitfire and North American B-25 Mitchell. On 4 February 1943 Berres claimed two Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters and a B-25 on the 8 February. On 26 February he accounted for a pair of P-40s.[18] In the following weeks the British Army prepared to assault the Mareth Line which began on the Battle of the Mareth Line. On 7 March 1943 Berres engaged Spitfires over the frontline and claimed it shot down for his 33rd victory.[19] At noon on 10 March Berres formed part of 30 Bf 109s from JG 77 committed to escorting 15 Junkers Ju 87s from Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 (StG 3). RAF units intercepted and shot down and killed Stuka pilot Leutnant Heinz Üldemann. JG 77 took a toll of the RAF fighters, nine of which were claimed destroyed. Berres claimed his 34th victory in the air battle.[19] On 17 March Berres claimed another spitfire.[20] The following day Berres claimed JG 77's only victory—a reconnaissance Spitfire of No. 680 Squadron RAF.[20] On 24 March—the day after the loss of Geschwaderkommodore Joachim Müncheberg—13 Bf 109s of Berres' I./JG 77 intercepted 18 B-25 bombers from the 321st Bombardment Group escorted by the 57th and 58th Fighter Group. Berres claimed a P-40, then a B-25, followed by another P-40 in 11 minutes. The Germans claimed seven American aircraft for one wounded, one killed and one captured. Berres had achieved his 37th, 38th and 39th victories.[21] On 2 April Berres scrambled with 3./JG 77 and after claiming his 40th victory over a P-40 was shot down near Oudref but escaped back to German lines.[22]

On 7 April the British 1st Armoured Division and US II Corps linked up east of Gabes. That evening the British IX Corps broke into the Fondouk Pass and the British 128th Infantry Brigade seized Pichon. However the American 34th Infantry Division was repulsed at Djebel Aouareb.[23] In the large air battles Berres shot down a Spitfire flown by Flight Sergeant G. W. Sweeney of 601 Squadron.[24] The last success was claimed over the collapsing front on 5 May 1943. The P-40 was Berres' 44th victory.[25]

Death[edit]

From 10:40 to 11:20 on 25 July 1943, seven Bf 109s from I. Gruppe of JG 77 and five Bf 109s from I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 27 were ordered to provide fighter escort to ten Junkers Ju 52 from I. Gruppe of Transportgeschwader 1 (TG 1—1st Transport Wing). The Ju 52s had been tasked with resupplying German forces on the northern coast of Sicily. Roughly 20 kilometres (12 miles) east of Milazzo, the escort fighters came under attack by about 30 Spitfires while further fighters engaged the Ju 52s. During this encounter, all ten Ju 52s were shot down over the Gulf of Saint Euphemia. JG 77 suffered four Bf 109s shot down with three pilots escaping unharmed and one pilot killed in action. Berres died in his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 18 101—factory number) "BF+QU", shot down near Milazzo.[26][27] Berres had become a victim of No. 322 Wing RAF led by Colin Falkland Gray.[28] Berres was posthumously promoted to Hauptmann and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 19 September 1943.[29]

Summary of career[edit]

Aerial victory claims[edit]

Berres was credited with 52 aerial victories, including six on the Eastern Front, claimed in 354 combat missions. One claim was unconfirmed.[1] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 49 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes three aerial victories on the Eastern Front and 46 over the Western Allies, including two four-engined bombers.[30]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unwitnessed aerial victory claims for which Berres did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Unit Claim Date Time Type Location Unit
– Claims with I. (Jagd) Gruppe of Lehrgeschwader 2 –[2][31]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
1 29 November 1941 13:57 SB-3 Rostov-on-Don[32] 3.(J)/LG 2
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[31][33]
Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942
2?[Note 1] 29 December 1941 10:20 I-15 Krivaja[34] 1.(J)/LG 2 5 24 March 1942 13:45 I-16 southwest of Krasnyi Lyman[35] 1./JG 77
3?[Note 1] 28 February 1942 12:05 I-16 southeast of Jama[36] 1./JG 77 6?[Note 1] 27 March 1942 06:40 I-61 (MiG-3) north of Sslawjanskaja[37] 1./JG 77
4 9 March 1942 10:05 R-5 Barvinkove[36] 1./JG 77
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[31][38]
Eastern Front — 1 May – 30 June 1942
7 12 June 1942 05:28 B-24 south of Brăila[39] 1./JG 77
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[31][40]
Sicily — 1 July – October 1942
8 8 July 1942 06:48 Spitfire west of Luqa[41] 1./JG 77 14 25 September 1942 11:42 Spitfire La Valetta[42] 1./JG 77
9 9 July 1942 19:20 Spitfire south of Marsa Scirocco[41] 1./JG 77 15 6 October 1942 11:11 Spitfire north of La Valetta[42] Stab I./JG 77
10 18 July 1942 14:54 Spitfire north of La Valetta[41] 1./JG 77 16 13 October 1942 10:45 Spitfire La Valetta[42] Stab I./JG 77
11 22 July 1942 11:39 Spitfire[43] east of La Valetta 1./JG 77 17 14 October 1942 08:07 Spitfire northeast of La Valetta[42] Stab I./JG 77
12 23 July 1942 16:44 Spitfire northeast of La Valetta[44] 1./JG 77 18 17 October 1942 13:33 Spitfire Luqa[45] Stab I./JG 77
13 15 September 1942 18:10 Spitfire Ras il Kamieh[42] 1./JG 77
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[31][46]
North Africa — November – 31 December 1942
19 1 November 1942 08:15 P-40 south of El Bahrein[47] Stab I./JG 77 23 11 December 1942 15:35 P-40 east of Ras Umm er Garanigh[47] Stab I./JG 77
20 3 November 1942 15:57 P-40 northwest of Quotafiya[47] Stab I./JG 77 24 13 December 1942 12:50 Spitfire west of airfield Acro Philaenorum[48] Stab I./JG 77
21 11 November 1942 09:31 P-40 northeast of Bir-el-Acra[47] Stab I./JG 77 25 14 December 1942 11:22 P-40 west of El Agheila[48] Stab I./JG 77
22 7 December 1942 15:40 Baltimore west of El Haseiat[47] Stab I./JG 77
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[31][49]
North Africa — 1 January – May 1943
26 8 January 1943 13:07 Spitfire northeast of Dor Umn er Rami[17] Stab I./JG 77 36 18 March 1943 13:18 Spitfire southeast of Mareth[50] 3./JG 77
27 14 January 1943 10:45 B-25 north of Tamet[17] Stab I./JG 77 37 24 March 1943 09:55 P-40 northwest of Fatnassa[50] 3./JG 77
28 4 February 1943 14:42 P-38 west of Matmata[17] Stab I./JG 77 38 24 March 1943 09:58 B-25 northwest of Fatnassa[50] 3./JG 77
29 4 February 1943 14:42 P-38 west of Matmata[17] Stab I./JG 77 39 24 March 1943 10:06 P-40 northwest of Fatnassa[50] 3./JG 77
30 8 February 1943 12:50 B-25 west-southwest of Fatnassa[17] Stab I./JG 77 40 2 April 1943 11:50 P-40 east of Cekhira[50] 1./JG 77
31 26 February 1943 14:03 P-40 northwest of Medenine[17] Stab I./JG 77 41 7 April 1943 08:07 Spitfire northeast of La Fauconnerie[50] 3./JG 77
32 26 February 1943 17:02 P-40 south of Gabès[17] Stab I./JG 77 42 16 April 1943 15:48 Spitfire northeast of La Fauconnerie[50] 3./JG 77
33 7 March 1943 14:44 Spitfire southeast of Medenine[50] Stab I./JG 77 43 22 April 1943 17:38 Spitfire south of Mateur[50] 1./JG 77
34 10 March 1943 16:34 P-40 south-southwest of Medenine[50] 3./JG 77 44 5 May 1943 16:46 P-40 northeast of Tunis[50] 1./JG 77
35 17 March 1943 13:23 Spitfire southwest of Mareth[50] 3./JG 77
– Claims with I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 77 –[31][51]
Italy — July 1943
—
 1 July 1943
—
 Spitfire[52] 1./JG 77 49 3 July 1943 11:02 B-25 southwest of Trapani[53] 1./JG 77
45 2 July 1943 07:58 P-40 west of Castelvetrano[53] 1./JG 77 50 4 July 1943 10:31 Boston northwest of Sciacca[53] 1./JG 77
46 2 July 1943 08:10 P-40 southwest of Cap Granitola[53] 1./JG 77 51 5 July 1943 11:24 B-17 west-southwest of Gerbini Airfield[53] 1./JG 77
47 2 July 1943 14:35 Spitfire north of La Valetta[53] 1./JG 77 52 24 July 1943 11:30 P-51 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Cesarò[53] 1./JG 77
48 2 July 1943 14:57 Spitfire north of La Valetta[53] 1./JG 77

Awards[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[31]

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 88.
  2. ^ a b Prien 1995, p. 2398.
  3. ^ Prien 1993, p. 864.
  4. ^ Prien 1993, p. 868.
  5. ^ Prien 1993, p. 884.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2005, pp. 283, 285.
  7. ^ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1991, p. 381.
  8. ^ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1991, p. 400.
  9. ^ Thomas 2015, p. 100.
  10. ^ Shores, Cull & Malizia 1991, p. 553.
  11. ^ Thomas 2015, pp. 150–151.
  12. ^ Shores 1985, p. 89.
  13. ^ Ring 1969, p. 207.
  14. ^ Ring 1969, p. 213.
  15. ^ Ring 1969, p. 450.
  16. ^ Ring 1969, p. 214.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2011, p. 384.
  18. ^ Shores, Ring & Hess 1975, p. 222–223.
  19. ^ a b Murawski 2009, p. 11.
  20. ^ a b Murawski 2009, p. 14.
  21. ^ Murawski 2009, p. 17.
  22. ^ Murawski 2009, p. 24.
  23. ^ Murawski 2009, p. 29.
  24. ^ Murawski 2009, p. 30.
  25. ^ Murawski 2009, p. 52.
  26. ^ Prien 1994, p. 1671.
  27. ^ Scutts 1994, pp. 61, 95.
  28. ^ Murland & Murland 2008, p. 254.
  29. ^ Dixon2023, p. 40.
  30. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 91–92.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 92.
  32. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 404.
  33. ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2399–2402.
  34. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 281.
  35. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 284.
  36. ^ a b Prien et al. 2005, p. 283.
  37. ^ Prien et al. 2005, p. 285.
  38. ^ Prien 1995, p. 2408.
  39. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 262.
  40. ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2420–2421.
  41. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2004, p. 295.
  42. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2004, p. 297.
  43. ^ Prien 1995, p. 2420.
  44. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 296.
  45. ^ Prien et al. 2004, p. 298.
  46. ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2422–2423.
  47. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2004, p. 299.
  48. ^ a b Prien et al. 2004, p. 300.
  49. ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2424–2428.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2011, p. 385.
  51. ^ Prien 1995, pp. 2429–2430.
  52. ^ Prien 1995, p. 2429.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2011, p. 386.
  54. ^ Dixon 2023, pp. 35–36.
  55. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 50.
  56. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 39.
  57. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 111.
  58. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 217.

Bibliography[edit]

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  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
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  • Murland, Jenny; Murland, Jerry (2008). Departed Warriors—The Story of a Family in War. Leicester: Matador. ISBN 978-1-906510-70-1.
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  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen (1993). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 2—1941–1942 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 2—1941–1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-22-9.
  • Prien, Jochen (1994). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 3—1942–1943 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 3—1942–1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-26-7.
  • Prien, Jochen (1995). Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 77—Teil 4—1944–1945 [History of Jagdgeschwader 77—Volume 4—1944–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-29-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/III—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/III—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-78-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2011). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1 bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-00-0.
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  • Scutts, Jerry (1994). Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 2. London, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-448-0.
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  • Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1991). Malta: The Spitfire Year. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-16-8.
  • Shores, Christopher F. (1985). Duel for the Sky: Ten Crucial Battles of World War II. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-7137-1601-6.
  • Thomas, Nick (2015). Sniper of the Skies: The Story of George Frederick 'Screwball' Beurling, DSO, DFC, DFM. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-6666-9.
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