List of invasive aquatic species in Montana

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Montana, USA, has a wide variety of invasive aquatic species ranging from algae to turtles. The effect each invasive species has on the environment varies greatly, some species are devastating while others are negligible.[1] Aquatic plants and algae may easily be transported from lake to lake by boaters who do not take the necessary precautions when launching their boats into new bodies of water.[2] Sometimes, pet owners release their pets into a non-native habitat where they will actually thrive and eventually establish a population and then begin to displace the native species that it competes with.[3]

Algae[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Gomphonemataceae Didymosphenia geminata Didymo Cryptogenic

Amphibians[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Ranidae Lithobates catesbeianus American bullfrog Native transplant
Hylidae Pseudacris regilla Northern Pacific tree frog Native transplant

Fish[edit]

Media Family Scientific Name Common name Origin
Centrarchidae Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Native transplant
Ictaluridae Ameiurus melas Black bullhead Native transplant
Ictaluridae Ameiurus natalis Yellow bullhead Native transplant
Cyprinidae Carassius auratus Goldfish Exotic
Catostomidae Catostomus ardens Utah sucker Native transplant
Catostomidae Catostomus commersonii White sucker Native transplant
Salmonidae Coregonus artedi Cisco Native transplant
Salmonidae Coregonus clupeaformis Lake whitefish Native transplant
Cyprinidae Couesius plumbeus Lake chub Native transplant
Gasterosteidae Culaea inconstans Brook stickleback Native transplant
Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio Common carp Exotic
Esocidae Esox lucius Northern pike Native transplant
Esocidae Esox lucius × masquinongy Tiger muskellunge Native hybrid
Fundulidae Fundulus kansae Northern Plains killifish Native transplant
Fundulidae Fundulus zebrinus Plains killifish Native transplant
Poeciliidae Gambusia affinis Western mosquitofish Native transplant
Cyprinidae Gila atraria Utah chub Native transplant
Ictaluridae Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish Native transplant
Centrarchidae Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish Native transplant
Centrarchidae Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseed Native transplant
Centrarchidae Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Native transplant
Centrarchidae Micropterus dolomieu Smallmouth bass Native transplant
Centrarchidae Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass Native transplant
Moronidae Morone chrysops White bass Native transplant
Cyprinidae Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner Native transplant
Cyprinidae Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus aguabonita Golden trout Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri Yellowstone cutthroat trout Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi Westslope cutthroat trout Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus clarkii × mykiss Cutbow trout Native hybrid
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus kisutch Coho salmon Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus mykiss ssp. Redband trout Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus nerka Sockeye salmon Native transplant
Salmonidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook salmon Native transplant
Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicus Mozambique tilapia Exotic
Osmeridae Osmerus mordax Rainbow smelt Native transplant
Percidae Perca flavescens Yellow perch Native transplant
Characidae Piaractus brachypomus Pirapitinga, red-bellied pacu Exotic
Cyprinidae Pimephales promelas Fathead minnow Native transplant
Poeciliidae Poecilia latipinna Sailfin molly Native transplant
Poeciliidae Poecilia mexicana Shortfin molly Exotic
Poeciliidae Poecilia reticulata Guppy Exotic
Poeciliidae Poecilia sphenops Mexican molly Exotic
Centrarchidae Pomoxis annularis White crappie Native transplant
Centrarchidae Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black crappie Native transplant
Cyprinidae Richardsonius balteatus Redside shiner Exotic
Salmonidae Salmo letnica Ohrid trout Exotic
Salmonidae Salmo salar sebago Atlantic salmon Native transplant
Salmonidae Salmo trutta Brown trout Exotic
Salmonidae Salmo trutta × Salvelinus fontinalis Tiger trout Exotic hybrid
Salmonidae Salvelinus fontinalis Brook trout Native transplant
Salmonidae Salvelinus namaycush Lake trout Native transplant
Percidae Sander canadensis × vitreus Saugeye Native hybrid
Percidae Sander vitreus Walleye Native transplant
Salmonidae Thymallus arcticus Arctic grayling Native transplant
Umbridae Umbra limi Central mudminnow Native transplant
Poeciliidae Xiphophorus hellerii Green swordtail Exotic
Poeciliidae Xiphophorus maculatus Southern platyfish Exotic
Poeciliidae Xiphophorus variatus Variable platyfish Exotic

Aquatic mammals[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Myocastoridae Myocastor coypus Nutria Exotic

Mollusks[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Cyrenidae Corbicula fluminea Asian clam Exotic
Dreissenidae Dreissena sp. Zebra muscle Exotic
Bithyniidae Bithynia tentaculata Mud bithynia, faucet snail Exotic
Thiaridae Melanoides tuberculata Red-rim melania Exotic
Physidae Physella acuta Acute bladder snail Native transplant
Hydrobiidae Potamopyrgus antipodarum New Zealand mudsnail Exotic
Lymnaeidae Radix auricularia European ear snail Exotic

Aquatic plants[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Poaceae Alopecurus geniculatus Water foxtail Exotic
Butomaceae Butomus umbellatus Flowering rush Exotic
Plantaginaceae Callitriche stagnalis Pond water-starwort Exotic
Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus Yellow iris Exotic
Juncaceae Juncus compressus Roundfruit rush Exotic
Juncaceae Juncus gerardii Saltmeadow rush Native transplant
Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Exotic
Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides Forget-me-not Exotic
Haloragaceae Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot feather Exotic
Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil Exotic
Hydrocharitaceae Najas marina Holly-leaf waternymph Native transplant
Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale water-cress Exotic
Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea odorata American white waterlily Native transplant
Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed canarygrass Exotic
Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus Curly-leaf pondweed Exotic
Brassicaceae Rorippa sylvestris Keek Exotic
Tamaricaceae Tamarix Tamarisk Exotic
Typhaceae Typha angustifolia Narrow-leaved cattail Exotic
Hydrocharitaceae Vallisneria americana Wild-celery Native transplant

Reptiles[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Chelydridae Chelydra serpentina Snapping turtle Native transplant

Crustaceans[edit]

Media Family Scientific name Common name Origin
Gammaridae Gammarus sp. Amphipod Native transplant
Cambaridae Faxonius virilis Virile crayfish, northern crayfish Native transplant
Mysidae Mysis diluviana Opossum shrimp Native transplant

References[edit]

  1. ^ Clancy, Niall G.; Bourret, Samuel L. (2020). "Using social and physical variables to assess vulnerability of northwestern Montana lakes to illegal fish introductions". Hydrobiologia. 847 (14): 3055–3065. doi:10.1007/s10750-020-04312-z. ISSN 0018-8158. S2CID 219103493.
  2. ^ Ratz, David. "Aquatic Invasive Species". Montana Field Guide. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
    - Taylor, Brad W.; Bothwell, Max L. (1 June 2014). "The Origin of Invasive Microorganisms Matters for Science, Policy, and Management: The Case of Didymosphenia geminata". BioScience. 64 (6): 531–538. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu060. ISSN 1525-3244. PMC 4776677. PMID 26955071.
  3. ^ "Nonindigenous Aquatic Species". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
    - "Montana Invasive Species". Retrieved 13 June 2022.
    - "FWP :: FWP Apps". Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Retrieved 13 June 2022.[better source needed]
    - "Aquatic Invasives". National Invasive Species Information Center. US Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
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