2023 Nigerian presidential election in Lagos State

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2023 Nigerian presidential election in Lagos State
← 2019 25 February 2023 2027 →
Registered7,060,195
Turnout18.92%
 
Nominee Peter Obi Bola Tinubu Atiku Abubakar
Party LP APC PDP
Home state Anambra Lagos Adamawa
Running mate Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed Kashim Shettima Ifeanyi Okowa
Popular vote 582,454 572,606 75,750
Percentage 45.81% 45.04% 5.96%
Results

Tinubu:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

Obi:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
President before election

Muhammadu Buhari
APC

Elected President

Bola Tinubu
APC

The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Lagos State was held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria.[1] Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, were also held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.

Peter Obi—the nominee of the Labour Party—won the state by nearly 10,000 votes, a 0.77% margin, in a massive upset over former state Governor Bola Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress.[2][3] The other two major contenders, Atiku Abubakar (Peoples Democratic Party) and Rabiu Kwankwaso (New Nigeria Peoples Party), trailed with just 5.96% and 0.66%, respectively.[2]

Background[edit]

Lagos State is a highly populated, diverse southwestern state that is a major financial centre along with being a key culture, education, and transportation hub. Although it faces overcrowding and chronic debilitating traffic, it has grown to one of the largest economies in Africa.

Politically, the 2019 elections were a continuation of the state APC's control as Muhammadu Buhari won the state by 12% and the party held all three senate seats while gaining in the House of Representatives elections. On the state level, the APC also retained its House of Assembly majority but the gubernatorial election was prefaced by the unprecedented defeat of incumbent Akinwunmi Ambode in the APC primary, marking the first time an incumbent Nigerian governor was defeated in a party primary. His primary challenger, Babajide Sanwo-Olu, went on to win the general election by a wide 54% margin.

Campaign[edit]

Although Lagos State is the home state of Tinubu, both Abubakar and Obi pushed to make the state competitive by targeting certain demographics and using the downballot candidates of their respective parties to lead the direct grassroots campaign.[4] As a state in the ethnic Yoruba homeland of Yorubaland, most of Lagos State's indigenous population are ethnic Yoruba but over a century of internal migration led to a significant minority of non-Yoruba non-indigenes. These differing ethnic dynamics greatly affected the presidential campaign in the state as Tinubu (an ethnic Yoruba himself) and his surrogates extensively employed ethnic Yoruba identity politics while campaigning across the South West;[5] on the other hand, the Lagos State bases of both Abubakar and Obi are in the non-indigene community—primarily those originally from the South East or South South—along with youths and educated professionals of all ethnicities.[4]

Soon after the campaign period began in September 2022, reports from the LP and the PDP emerged over continuous attempts at suppression from APC-backed assailants along with bias from the state government and local police.[6] Notable incidents included an ambush on the state PDP campaign convoy in Badagry in October and an attack on Obi-aligned free medical services in Eti-Osa in November.[7] The reports led to fears of electoral violence and voter suppression, with analysts noting the regular reports of suppression and violence from the recent elections in the state (especially in areas with a non-Yoruba majority).[5][6] As the campaign continued into December, the administration of state governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu (APC)—a longtime Tinubu ally—was accused of abusing the power of government for political purposes after reports found that the Lagos State Traffic Management Authority was selectively closing roads and diverting traffic for only APC campaign events.[8] As the election neared in January, suppression reports increased rapidly with both the LP and PDP accusing the state government and APC of destroying opposition banners and posters, attacking and intimidating of opposition supporters, and continued prevention of using billboards with the LP even claiming that the APC had infiltrated local INEC offices to discard the Permanent Voter Cards of non-indigenes.[9]

Pre-opening artistic rendering of the Lekki Deep Sea Port—one of several infrastructure projects completed in 2022 and early 2023.

While both SBM Intelligence and ThisDay projected Tinubu to win Lagos State in December 2022, other pundits noted the potential competitiveness of the state with The Africa Report including it in a series on battleground states.[10][11][12] The article contended that Tinubu would benefit from the support of the state and federal government in the state, both from the ability to suppress opposition voters and recent infrastructure projects.[a] For Abubakar, reporting focused on the divides within the PDP as the national split between the G5 and the rest of the party had trickled down to the Lagos State PDP as longtime state PDP stalwart Bode George sided with the G5 in its opposition to Abubakar. The split in the state PDP had its gubernatorial nominee—Abdul-Azeez Olajide Adediran—campaigning for Abubakar while George reportedly backed Obi and LP gubernatorial nominee Gbadebo Rhodes-Vivour.[12] The report claimed Obi's chances were based on his campaign's ability to successfully turnout non-indigenes[b] and educated youths along with the vital assistance of Rhodes-Vivour.[12]

In early February, Lagos State polling data and analysis from Stears Business was released with results showed a 4% lead for Obi, its model based on the polling statistics predicted Obi to win the state with 44% of the vote with Tinubu trailing at 32% while Abubakar stood at just 7%. The Stears data revealed a stark religious divide as Obi led by 11% among Christian respondents while Tinubu led by 28% among Muslim respondents; other questions revealed that the respondents had high confidence in INEC and were more excited about the election than previous ones.[14] In the following days other issues took precedence as allegations of bias against INEC Lagos State Resident Commissioner Olusegun Agbaje led to calls for his resignation while mass coordinated attacks on LP supporters before an Obi rally at Tafawa Balewa Square reinforced fears of further violence.[15][16]

Polling[edit]

Polling organisation/client Fieldwork
date 		Sample
size 		Others Undecided Undisclosed Not voting
Tinubu
APC 		Obi
LP 		Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Abubakar
PDP
BantuPage December 2022 N/A 28% 31% 1% 5% – 14% 5% 16%
Nextier
(Lagos crosstabs of national poll) 		27 January 2023 N/A 25.2% 39.4% 0.5% 14.7% 3.2% 17.0% – –
Stears January 2023 500 21% 25% 2% 3% – 45% – 6%
SBM Intelligence for EiE
(Lagos crosstabs of national poll) 		22 January-6 February 2023 N/A 63% 25% – 10% – 1% – –

Projections[edit]

Source Projection As of
Africa Elects[c][17] Tossup 24 February 2023
Dataphyte[d][18]
Tinubu: 44.61% 11 February 2023
Obi: 18.53%
Abubakar: 21.21%
Others: 15.66%
Enough is Enough-
SBM Intelligence[e][19] 		Tinubu 17 February 2023
SBM Intelligence[f][10] Tinubu 15 December 2022
ThisDay[g][11]
Tinubu: 45% 27 December 2022
Obi: 25%
Kwankwaso: 5%
Abubakar: 20%
Others/Undecided: 5%
The Nation[h][20][21] Tinubu 12-19 February 2023

Conduct[edit]

Pre-election[edit]

In the months before the election, dozens of reports from civil society groups and journalists along with LP and PDP supporters raised alarms over electoral violence and other forms of voter suppression. Continuous attempts at suppression from APC-backed assailants along with bias from the state government and local police were reported throughout the campaign period.[22] The reports led to fears of electoral violence and voter suppression, with analysts noting common reports of suppression and violence from other recent elections in the state (especially in areas predominantly populated by non-Yorubas).[22] As the election neared in early 2023, suppression reports increased rapidly with both the LP and PDP accusing the state government and APC of destroying opposition banners and posters, attacking and intimidating of opposition supporters, and continued prevention of using billboards with the LP even claiming that the APC had infiltrated local INEC offices to discard the Permanent Voter Cards of non-indigenes.[23] These allegations of INEC infiltration were exacerbated by controversies surrounding INEC Resident Commissioner Olusegun Agbaje; while some groups called for Agbaje to resign in the wake of perceived anti-Igbo statements, most criticism was leveled against him due to his decision to use the Lagos State Park and Garage Management Committee to transport election materials and personnel on Election Day.[24][25] The parks committee is chaired by MC Oluomo—a APC presidential campaign committee member, powerful agbero, and accused organizer of electoral violence—thus opposition questioned the commissioner's neutrality amid calls for his resignation.[26] In the same regard, civil society groups noted risks of electoral interference in Lagos State with YIAGA Africa's Election Manipulation Risks Index placing the state as "High Risk" for manipulation.[27][i]

General election[edit]

Results[edit]

2023 Nigerian presidential election in Lagos State[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
A Christopher Imumolen
AA Hamza al-Mustapha
ADP Yabagi Sani
APP Osita Nnadi
AAC Omoyele Sowore
ADC Dumebi Kachikwu
APC Bola Tinubu
APGA Peter Umeadi
APM Princess Chichi Ojei
BP Sunday Adenuga
LP Peter Obi
NRM Felix Johnson Osakwe
New Nigeria Peoples Party Rabiu Kwankwaso
PRP Kola Abiola
PDP Atiku Abubakar
SDP Adewole Adebayo
YPP Malik Ado-Ibrahim
ZLP Dan Nwanyanwu
Total votes 100.00%
Invalid or blank votes N/A
Turnout

By senatorial district[edit]

The results of the election by senatorial district.

Senatorial District Bola Tinubu
APC 		Atiku Abubakar
PDP 		Peter Obi
LP 		Rabiu Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Others Total valid votes
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Lagos Central Senatorial District[j] 117,580 47.44% 14,543 5.87% 108,633 43.83% 1,497 0.60% 5,614 2.26% 247,867
Lagos East Senatorial District[k] 149,667 50.45% 19,565 6.60% 118,348 39.89% 1,958 0.66% 7,112 2.40% 296,650
Lagos West Senatorial District[l] 289,288 41.68% 40,713 5.87% 340,446 49.05% 4,859 0.70% 18,796 2.71% 694,102
Totals 572,606 45.04% 75,750 5.96% 582,454 45.81% 8,442 0.66% 32,199 2.53% 1,271,451

By federal constituency[edit]

The results of the election by federal constituency.

Federal Constituency Bola Tinubu
APC 		Atiku Abubakar
PDP 		Peter Obi
LP 		Rabiu Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Others Total valid votes
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Agege Federal Constituency[m] 29,568 58.10% 4,498 8.84% 13,270 26.08% 1,513 2.97% 2,043 4.01% 50,892
Ajeromi/Ifelodun Federal Constituency[n] 25,938 37.82% 4,680 6.82% 35,663 51.99% 436 0.64% 1,873 2.73% 68,590
Alimosho Federal Constituency[o] 62,909 42.54% 8,201 5.55% 71,327 48.24% 701 0.47% 4,732 3.20% 147,870
Amuwo Odofin Federal Constituency[p] 13,318 18.24% 2,383 3.26% 55,547 76.09% 330 0.45% 1,429 1.96% 73,007
Apapa Federal Constituency[q] 15,471 56.86% 2,997 11.01% 7,566 27.80% 338 1.24% 840 3.09% 27,212
Badagry Federal Constituency[r] 31,903 63.03% 6,024 11.9% 10,956 21.64% 153 0.30% 1,582 3.13% 50,618
Epe Federal Constituency[s] 19,867 67.98% 5,221 17.87% 3,497 11.97% 76 0.26% 561 1.92% 29,222
Eti-Osa Federal Constituency[t] 15,317 24.46% 3,369 5.38% 42,388 67.69% 381 0.61% 1,162 1.86% 62,617
Ibeju-Lekki Federal Constituency[u] 14,685 51.88% 2,329 8.23% 10,410 36.78% 104 0.37% 776 2.74% 28,304
Ifako/Ijaiye Federal Constituency[v] 14,685 51.88% 2,329 8.23% 10,410 36.78% 104 0.37% 776 2.74% 28,304
Ikeja Federal Constituency[w] 21,276 38.64% 2,280 4.14% 30,004 54.49% 337 0.61% 1,165 2.12% 55,062
Ikorodu Federal Constituency[x] 50,353 58.05% 4,508 5.20% 28,951 33.37% 400 0.46% 2,535 2.92% 86,747
Kosofe Federal Constituency[y] 36,883 40.81% 4,058 4.49% 46,554 51.51% 902 1.00% 1,977 2.19% 90,374
Lagos Island I Federal Constituency
and Lagos Island II Federal Constituency[z][aa] 		27,760 81.92% 2,521 7.44% 3,058 9.03% 79 0.23% 468 1.38% 33,886
Lagos Mainland Federal Constituency[ab] 20,030 46.43% 3,005 6.96% 18,698 43.34% 257 0.60% 1,153 2.67% 43,143
Mushin I Federal Constituency
and Mushin II Federal Constituency[ac][aa] 		41,907 58.85% 3,478 4.88% 23,390 32.84% 410 0.58% 2,030 2.85% 71,215
Ojo Federal Constituency[ad] 20,603 31.61% 3,701 5.68% 38,859 59.63% 462 0.71% 1,543 2.37% 65,168
Oshodi-Isolo I Federal Constituency
and Oshodi-Isolo II Federal Constituency[ae][aa] 		27,181 32.60% 3,139 3.76% 51,020 61.19% 413 0.50% 1,623 3.76% 83,376
Somolu Federal Constituency[af] 27,879 44.96% 3,449 5.56% 28,936 46.67% 476 0.77% 1,263 2.04% 62,003
Surulere I Federal Constituency
and Surulere II Federal Constituency[ag][aa] 		39,002 48.15% 2,651 3.27% 36,923 45.58% 442 0.55% 1,991 2.46% 81,009
Totals 572,606 45.04% 75,750 5.96% 582,454 45.81% 8,442 0.66% 32,199 2.53% 1,271,451

By local government area[edit]

The results of the election by local government area.

Local government area Bola Tinubu
APC 		Atiku Abubakar
PDP 		Peter Obi
LP 		Rabiu Kwankwaso
NNPP 		Others Total valid votes Turnout (%)
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Agege[28] 29,568 58.10% 4,498 8.84% 13,270 26.08% 1,513 2.97% 2,043 4.01% 50,892 14.71%
Ajeromi-Ifelodun[29] 25,938 37.82% 4,680 6.82% 35,663 51.99% 436 0.64% 1,873 2.73% 68,590 16.85%
Alimosho[30][31] 62,909 42.54% 8,201 5.55% 71,327 48.24% 701 0.47% 4,732 3.20% 147,870 18.49%
Amuwo-Odofin[32] 13,318 18.24% 2,383 3.26% 55,547 76.09% 330 0.45% 1,429 1.96% 73,007 23.18%
Apapa[33] 15,471 56.86% 2,997 11.01% 7,566 27.80% 338 1.24% 840 3.09% 27,212 26.21%
Badagry[34] 31,903 63.03% 6,024 11.9% 10,956 21.64% 153 0.30% 1,582 3.13% 50,618 23.55%
Epe[35] 19,867 67.98% 5,221 17.87% 3,497 11.97% 76 0.26% 561 1.92% 29,222 19.04%
Eti-Osa[36][37] 15,317 24.46% 3,369 5.38% 42,388 67.69% 381 0.61% 1,162 1.86% 62,617 17.81%
Ibeju-Lekki[38] 14,685 51.88% 2,329 8.23% 10,410 36.78% 104 0.37% 776 2.74% 28,304 25.59%
Ifako-Ijaiye[39] 14,685 51.88% 2,329 8.23% 10,410 36.78% 104 0.37% 776 2.74% 28,304 25.59%
Ikeja[40] 21,276 38.64% 2,280 4.14% 30,004 54.49% 337 0.61% 1,165 2.12% 55,062 17.83%
Ikorodu[41][42] 50,353 58.05% 4,508 5.20% 28,951 33.37% 400 0.46% 2,535 2.92% 86,747 24.87%
Kosofe[43][44] 36,883 40.81% 4,058 4.49% 46,554 51.51% 902 1.00% 1,977 2.19% 90,374 19.90%
Lagos Island[45] 27,760 81.92% 2,521 7.44% 3,058 9.03% 79 0.23% 468 1.38% 33,886 17.46%
Lagos Mainland[46][47] 20,030 46.43% 3,005 6.96% 18,698 43.34% 257 0.60% 1,153 2.67% 43,143 18.09%
Mushin[48] 41,907 58.85% 3,478 4.88% 23,390 32.84% 410 0.58% 2,030 2.85% 71,215 18.20%
Ojo[49][50] 20,603 31.61% 3,701 5.68% 38,859 59.63% 462 0.71% 1,543 2.37% 65,168 17.07%
Oshodi-Isolo[51] 27,181 32.60% 3,139 3.76% 51,020 61.19% 413 0.50% 1,623 3.76% 83,376 18.96%
Somolu[52][53] 27,879 44.96% 3,449 5.56% 28,936 46.67% 476 0.77% 1,263 2.04% 62,003 20.29%
Surulere[54][55] 39,002 48.15% 2,651 3.27% 36,923 45.58% 442 0.55% 1,991 2.46% 81,009 22.59%
Totals 572,606 45.04% 75,750 5.96% 582,454 45.81% 8,442 0.66% 32,199 2.53% 1,271,451 18.92%

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Most notably, the Lekki Deep Sea Port and Lagos Rail Mass Transit Blue Line which were both inaugurated in January 2023.[13]
  2. ^ Especially in the vital, non-indigene-heavy local government areas of Ajeromi-Ifelodun, Amuwo-Odofin, Ojo, Oshodi-Isolo, and Surulere.[12]
  3. ^ Africa Elects projections predict the likelihood of a candidate winning a state by categorizing a state as "Safe" for exceedingly likely, "Likely" for somewhat likely, and "Lean" for least likely. If no clear determination could be made, states are categorized as "tossups".
  4. ^ Dataphyte projections predict candidates' projected votal shares in each state.
  5. ^ EiE-SBM projections predict which candidates will win states.
  6. ^ SBM projections predict which candidates will win states or, if no determination could be made, categorizes states as "Too close to call" (TCC).
  7. ^ ThisDay projections predict candidates' projected votal shares in each state.
  8. ^ The Nation projections predict which candidates will win states or, if no determination could be made, categorizes states as "Battlegrounds."
  9. ^ The index labeled Lagos State with five of the six potential manipulation variables: INEC Capture, tampering with the voter register, voter suppression, resistance to election technology, and a history of election fraud.
  10. ^ Comprising the local government areas of Apapa, Eti-Osa, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, and Surulere.
  11. ^ Comprising the local government areas of Epe, Ibeju-Lekki, Ikorodu, Kosofe, and Somolu.
  12. ^ Comprising the local government areas of Agege, Ajeromi-Ifelodun, Alimosho, Amuwo-Odofin, Badagry, Ifako-Ijaiye, Ikeja, Mushin, Ojo, and Oshodi-Isolo.
  13. ^ Comprising the local government area of Agege.
  14. ^ Comprising the local government area of Ajeromi-Ifelodun.
  15. ^ Comprising the local government area of Alimosho.
  16. ^ Comprising the local government area of Amuwo-Odofin.
  17. ^ Comprising the local government area of Apapa.
  18. ^ Comprising the local government area of Badagry.
  19. ^ Comprising the local government area of Epe.
  20. ^ Comprising the local government area of Eti-Osa.
  21. ^ Comprising the local government area of Ibeju-Lekki.
  22. ^ Comprising the local government area of Ifako-Ijaiye.
  23. ^ Comprising the local government area of Ikeja.
  24. ^ Comprising the local government area of Ikorodu.
  25. ^ Comprising the local government area of Kosofe.
  26. ^ Together comprising the local government area of Lagos Island.
  27. ^ a b c d These two constituencies are within a single LGA. As this table does not differentiate between intra-LGA results, these figures are for the entire LGA which is the same as the data for both constituencies.
  28. ^ Comprising the local government areas of Lagos Mainland.
  29. ^ Together comprising the local government area of Mushin.
  30. ^ Comprising the local government area of Ojo.
  31. ^ Together comprising the local government area of Oshodi-Isolo.
  32. ^ Comprising the local government area of Somolu.
  33. ^ Together comprising the local government area of Surulere.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jimoh, Abbas (26 February 2022). "INEC Sets New Dates For 2023 General Elections". Daily Trust. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Adelagun, Oluwakemi; Adebowale-Tambe, Nike (27 February 2023). "UPDATED: #NigeriaDecides2023: Peter Obi defeats Tinubu, wins presidential election in Lagos". Premium Times. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  3. ^ Busari, Stephanie (27 February 2023). "Nigerian election results trickle in as Peter Obi lands surprise win in Lagos". CNN. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b Akinkuotu, Eniola (25 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Obi and Atiku push to turn Lagos into swing state". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  5. ^ a b Akinkuotu, Eniola (16 November 2022). "Nigeria: Obi, Tinubu, Atiku… Will identity politics trigger electoral violence in 2023?". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  6. ^ a b Ezeamalu, Ben (16 December 2022). "Nigeria 2023: In Lagos, history of voter intimidation, harassment worry opposition parties". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  7. ^ Akoni, Olasunkanmi. "2023 campaign: Miscreants attack Lagos PDP guber candidate, Jandor, deputy, Akindele in Badagry". Vanguard. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  8. ^ Aliyu, Abdullateef (18 December 2022). "How Lagos Uses Traffic To Disrupt Opposition Campaigns". Daily Trust. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  9. ^ Omobola, Dickson. "BATTLE FOR LAGOS: APC, opposition parties fight dirty". Vanguard. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Projection: 2023 presidential elections". SBM Intelligence. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  11. ^ a b "THISDAY 2023 Election Centre: Why Presidential Run off is Increasingly Likely". ThisDay. 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  12. ^ a b c d Akinkuotu, Eniola (25 January 2023). "Nigeria 2023: Obi and Atiku push to turn Lagos into swing state". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  13. ^ Oyero, Kayode. "Buhari, Sanwo-Olu Commission Lagos Blue Rail Line". Channels TV. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  14. ^ MacEbong, Joachim (8 February 2023). "Why Tinubu could lose to Peter Obi in Lagos". Stears. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  15. ^ Nwachukwu, John Owen (8 February 2023). "INEC told to remove Lagos REC immediately over alleged anti Igbo comments". Daily Post. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  16. ^ Dzirutwe, MacDonald. "Opposition supporters attacked in Nigeria ahead of rally". Reuters. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  17. ^ Elimian, Adrian (24 February 2023). "Nigerian Presidential Election: State Ratings". Africa Elects. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  18. ^ "President Tinubu: Predilections and Predictions". Substack. Dataphyte. 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  19. ^ "The EiE-SBM 2023 Election forecast: It all hinges on insecurity and turnout". SBM Intelligence. 17 February 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  20. ^ Oladesu, Emmanuel; Alli, Yusuf; O’neil, Shola; Onu, Nwanosike; Odiegwu, Mike; Adeyemi, Kolade; Ihyongo, Fanen; Adenuga, David; Emmanuel, Uja; Alabelewe, AbdulGafar; Shittu, Sola; Asishana, Justina; Duku, Joel; Oota, Linus; Okezie, Augustine; Alao, Onimisi; Onogu, Sanni; Jimoh, Adekunle; Odufowokan, 'Dare; Adedeji, Toba; Ibrahim, Rasaq; Oladele, Bisi; Otabor, Osagie; Okungbowa, Aiwerie; Nsa, Gil; Anioke, Ogo; Duruihuoma, Damian; Njoku, Chris; Nwankwo, Sunny (12 February 2023). "Who wins 2023 presidential election?". The Nation. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  21. ^ Oladesu, Emmanuel; Alli, Yusuf; O’neil, Shola; Onu, Nwanosike; Odiegwu, Mike; Adeyemi, Kolade; Ihyongo, Fanen; Adenuga, David; Emmanuel, Uja; Alabelewe, AbdulGafar; Shittu, Sola; Asishana, Justina; Duku, Joel; Oota, Linus; Okezie, Augustine; Alao, Onimisi; Onogu, Sanni; Jimoh, Adekunle; Odufowokan, 'Dare; Adedeji, Toba; Ibrahim, Rasaq; Oladele, Bisi; Otabor, Osagie; Okungbowa, Aiwerie; Nsa, Gil; Anioke, Ogo; Duruihuoma, Damian; Njoku, Chris; Nwankwo, Sunny (19 February 2023). "WHO WINS 2023 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION? | The Nation Newspaper". The Nation Newspaper. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
  22. ^ a b Ezeamalu, Ben. "Nigeria 2023: In Lagos, history of voter intimidation, harassment worry opposition parties". The Africa Report. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  23. ^ Omobola, Dickson. "BATTLE FOR LAGOS: APC, opposition parties fight dirty". Vanguard. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  24. ^ Nwachukwu, John Owen. "INEC told to remove Lagos REC immediately over alleged anti Igbo comments". Daily Post. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  25. ^ Are, Jesupemi. "INEC: We have no option than to work with MC Oluomo-led parks committee". TheCable. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  26. ^ Alechenu, John. "Atiku seeks removal of Lagos REC over alleged partisanship". Vanguard. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  27. ^ "Election Manipulation Risks Index" (PDF). YIAGA Africa. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  28. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (26 February 2023). "LGA: Agege" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  29. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "OBI INCHES CLOSER TO TINUBU PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Ajeromi-Ifelodun LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  30. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "OBI WINS ALIMOSHO -- HIS 8TH LGA IN LAGOS" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  31. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "Registered voters: 855, 724 Accredited voters: 158, 209 Total Valid votes: 147, 870 Rejected votes: 10 368 Total votes cast: 158,209" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  32. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "OBI TAKES FOURTH LGA IN LAGOS PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Amuwo Odofin LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  33. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Apapa LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  34. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (26 February 2023). "LGA: Badagry" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  35. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "LAGOS PRESIDENTIAL RESULT LGA: Epe" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  36. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "OBI STILL IN THE CHASE PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Eti Osa LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  37. ^ Noah Banjo [@4EyedLiwa_] (26 February 2023). "Eti-Osa LG - presidential" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  38. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (26 February 2023). "LGA: Ibeju Lekki" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  39. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Ifako Ijaye LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  40. ^ Adelagun, Oluwakemi (26 February 2023). "#NigeriaDecides2023: Tinubu loses to Obi in own local govt". Premium Times. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  41. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Ikorodu LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  42. ^ Plus TV Africa [@PlusTVAfrica] (26 February 2023). "Ikorodu (19 Wards)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  43. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "LP WINS KOSOFE LGA PRESIDENTIAL RESULT" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  44. ^ Noah Banjo [@4EyedLiwa_] (26 February 2023). "Kosofe LG - presidential" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  45. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "LAGOS PRESIDENTIAL RESULT LGA: Lagos Island" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  46. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Lagos Mainland LGA (corrected version)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  47. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "Remarks: The LP party rejected the result, adding that "thugs attacked 9 PUs" in the area" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  48. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULT Mushin LGA, Lagos (updated version)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  49. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULT Peter Obi has won his 9th LGA in Lagos, while Bola Tinubu won 11. Based on the overall votes tally, Obi is in the lead. He is on course to be announced as the winner of the state" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  50. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "Registered voters: 401, 798" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  51. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "OBI BAGS 7TH LGA IN LAGOS PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Oshodi/Isolo LGA, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  52. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (26 February 2023). "LP WINS SHOMOLU LGA, LAGOS PRESIDENTIAL RESULT" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  53. ^ Channels TV [@channelstv] (26 February 2023). "LGA: Somolu" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  54. ^ TheCable [@thecableng] (27 February 2023). "TINUBU EXTENDS LEAD, WINS 10TH LGA IN LAGOS PRESIDENTIAL RESULT Surulere, Lagos" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  55. ^ Noah Banjo [@4EyedLiwa_] (27 February 2023). "Surulere LGA - presidential" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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