Campbellton Formation

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Campbellton Formation
Stratigraphic range: Latest Pragian-Emsian 407.4 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofGaspé Sandstones
OverliesVal d’Amour Formation
ThicknessNearly 1 kilometer
Location
RegionNew Brunswick
Country Canada

The Campbellton Formation is a geologic formation in New Brunswick. It preserves fossils dating back to the latest Pragian and Emsian of the Devonian period.[1]

Description[edit]

The Campbellton Formation is the southernmost representative of the Gaspé Sandstones group[2] and can be divided into 6 facies associations (restricted lacustrine, marginal lacustrine, near-shore lacustrine, coastal-deltaic, sandy to gravelly alluvial plain, and gravelly proximal alluvial environments), and is nearly a kilometer thick.[1] Lacustrine facies are prevalent in the lower parts of the eastern belt (representing a large open lake) while upper parts of the formation are dominated by alluvial facies (representing an eastward-flowing axial braided river system).[1]

Fossil content[edit]

Vertebrates[edit]

Acanthodians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ankylacanthus A. incurvus Atholville Beds.[3] Fin spines.[2][3] A possible gyracanthid, formerly known as Gyracanthus incurvus.[3]
Cheiracanthus? C.? costellatus [2]
Mesacanthus M. semistriatus [2]
Chondrichthyans
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Doliodus D. latispinosus Fin spines.[4] Also known from the York River and Battery Point formations.[4]
Protodus P. jexi "Atholville Beds, shoreline approximately 1.3 km W of the interprovincial bridgecrossing the Restigouche River, near Campbellton".[5] Isolated teeth.[2][5] A protodontid.
Ostracoderms
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Yvonaspis Y. campbelltonensis A cephalaspid, formerly listed as a species of Cephalaspis.[2][6]
Y. jexi A cephalaspid, formerly listed as a species of Cephalaspis.[2][6]
Y. westolli A cephalaspid, formerly listed as a species of Cephalaspis.[2][6]
Placoderms
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Phlyctaenius P. acadicus Fragments of exoskeleton and dermal plates.[2] A phlyctaeniid.
P. atholi Fragments of exoskeleton and dermal plates.[2] A phlyctaeniid.
P. stenosus Fragments of exoskeleton and dermal plates.[2] A phlyctaeniid.

Invertebrates[edit]

Arthropods
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Eoarthropleura Near the Dalhousie Junction and Point la Nim areas.[7] An arthropleurid.
Gaspestria G. genselorum A millipede.[8]
Millipede Unnamed.[9] 4 detailed impression fossils.[9]
cf. Parahughmilleria cf. P. sp. "Point La Nim (48°03.97’N; 66°24.78’W), west of Dalhousie, New Brunswick".[10] "Specimen NBMG 11012 consists of a part and counterpart of an articulated partial preabdomen of the opisthosoma".[10] A eurypterid.
Primitia P. mundula Disarticulated valves.[2] An ostracod.
P. scaphoides Disarticulated valves.[2] An ostracod.
Pterygotus P. anglicus Atholville beds near the western end of the Campbellton Formation exposure.[7] A eurypterid.
P. sp. A eurypterid.[2]
Scorpion Unnamed[11] Near the Dalhousie Junction and Point la Nim areas.[7] A scorpion with book lungs preserved.[9]
Molluscs
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Cyclora C. valvatiformis A gastropod.[2]
C. imbricata A gastropod.[2]

Plants[edit]

Plants
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Bitelaria B. dubjanskii Facies 1.[11] A tracheophyte.
Chaleuria C. cirrosa Facies 5.[11] A tracheophyte.
Drepanophycus D. gaspianus Facies 1, 2, 3 and 5.[11] A drepanophycale.
D. spinaeformis Facies 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.[11] A drepanophycale.
D. sp. Facies 1 and 5.[11] A drepanophycale.
Kaulangiophyton Facies 1.[11] A tracheophyte.
Leclercqia L. complexa Facies 1 and 4.[11] A protolepidodendrale.
L. andrewsii Facies 1.[11] A protolepidodendrale.
Loganophyton L. dawsoni Facies 1, 4 and 5.[11] A tracheophyte.[2]
Omniastrobus O. dawsonii "Impressions of strobili with numerous carbonized spore masses".[12]
Oocampsa O. catheta "About ½ mi west of Dalhousie Junction."[13] A tracheophyte.
Oricilla O. bilinearis Facies 1 and 5.[11] A zosterophyll.
Pachytheca Facies 2.[11]
Pertica P. dalhousii Facies 5.[11] A tracheophyte.
Psilophyton P. coniculum Facies 6.[11] A trimerophytopsid.
P. charientos Facies 1.[11] A trimerophytopsid.
P. princeps Facies 1, 3, 5 and 6.[11] A trimerophytopsid.
P. sp. Facies 1 and 5.[11] A trimerophytopsid.
Sawdonia S. acanthotheca Facies 1 and 2.[11] A zosterophyll.
S. ornata Facies 1 and 5.[11] A zosterophyll.
Spongiophyton S. minutissimum Facies 1, 2 and 6.[11]
Taeniocrada T. dubia Facies 2 and 5.[11] A tracheophyte.
Trimerophyton T. robustius Facies 4.[11] A trimerophytopsid.
Zosterophyllum Z. divaricatum "South shore of the Restigouche River near Dalhousie, New Brunswick".[14] A zosterophyll.
Fungi
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Prototaxites Facies 2 and 6.[11]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c KennedyKirsten; R, GiblingMartin (2011-11-10). "The Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada: paleoenvironments in an important Early Devonian terrestrial locality". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 48 (12): 1561–1580. Bibcode:2011CaJES..48.1561K. doi:10.1139/e11-055.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Kennedy, Kirsten L.; Miller, Randall F.; Gibling, Martin R. (2012-11-15). "Palaeoenvironments of Early Devonian fish and other aquatic fauna of the Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 361–362: 61–72. Bibcode:2012PPP...361...61K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.002. ISSN 0031-0182.
  3. ^ a b c Burrow, Carole J.; Turner, Susan; Desbiens, Sylvain; Miller, Randall F. (August 2008). "Early Devonian putative gyracanthid acanthodians from eastern CanadaInternational Geoscience Programme (IGCP) Contribution 491, Middle Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biogeography, Palaeogeography, and Climate". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 45 (8): 897–908. doi:10.1139/e08-033. ISSN 0008-4077.
  4. ^ a b Burrow, Carole J.; Turner, Susan; Maisey, John G.; Desbiens, Sylvain; Miller, Randall F. (2017). "Spines of the stem chondrichthyan Doliodus latispinosus (Whiteaves) comb. nov. from the Lower Devonian of eastern Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (12): 1248. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54.1248B. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0059. hdl:1807/78890. ISSN 0008-4077.
  5. ^ a b Turner, Susan; Miller, Randall F. (January 2008). "Protodus jexi Woodward, 1982 (Chondrichthyes), from the Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada". Acta Geologica Polonica. 58 (2): 133–145.
  6. ^ a b c Belles-Isles, Michel (1989-11-01). "Yvonaspis, nouveau genre d'Osteostraci (Vertebrata, Agnatha) du Dévonien (Emsien–Eifélien) des Grès de Gaspé (Québec, Canada)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 26 (11): 2396–2401. Bibcode:1989CaJES..26.2396B. doi:10.1139/e89-204. ISSN 0008-4077.
  7. ^ a b c Randall, F. Mill (2007-12-31). "Pterygotus anglicus Agassiz (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from Atholville, Lower Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada". Palaeontology. 50 (4): 981–999. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00683.x. ISSN 0031-0239. S2CID 140667798.
  8. ^ Wilson, Heather M. (2006). "Juliformian Millipedes from the Lower Devonian of Euramerica: Implications for the Timing of Millipede Cladogenesis in the Paleozoic". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 638–649. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[638:JMFTLD]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 4095102. S2CID 85823417.
  9. ^ a b c Shear, W.; Gensel, P.; Jeram, A. (1996). "Fossils of large terrestrial arthropods from the Lower Devonian of Canada". Nature. 384 (6609): 555–557. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..555S. doi:10.1038/384555A0. S2CID 4367636.
  10. ^ a b Miller, Randall; Kennedy, Kirsten; Gibling, Martin (2012-03-20). "A eurypterid from the lacustrine facies of the Early Devonian Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada". Atlantic Geology. 48: 14–19. doi:10.4138/atlgeol.2012.002. ISSN 1718-7885.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w KENNEDY, K. L.; GENSEL, P. G.; GIBLING, M. R. (2012-06-29). "Paleoenvironmental Inferences from the Classic Lower Devonian Plant-Bearing Locality of the Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada". PALAIOS. 27 (6): 424–438. Bibcode:2012Palai..27..424K. doi:10.2110/palo.2012.p12-004r. ISSN 0883-1351. S2CID 128939115.
  12. ^ Bonacorsi, Nikole K.; Gensel, Patricia G.; Hueber, Francis M.; Leslie, Andrew B. (2021-03-01). "Omniastrobus gen. nov., an Emsian Plant with Implications for the Evolution of Heterospory in the Early Devonian". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 182 (3): 198–209. doi:10.1086/712356. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 232050463.
  13. ^ Andrews, Henry N.; Gensel, Patricia G.; Kasper, Andrew E. (1975-08-15). "A new fossil plant of probable intermediate affinities (Trimerophyte–Progymnosperm)". Canadian Journal of Botany. 53 (16): 1719–1728. doi:10.1139/b75-201. ISSN 0008-4026.
  14. ^ Gensel, Patricia G.; Wellman, Charles H.; Taylor, Wilson A. (November 2013). "Spore Wall Ultrastructure of the Lower Devonian Zosterophylls Renalia hueberi and Zosterophyllum divaricatum". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 174 (9): 1302–1313. doi:10.1086/673240. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 83930515.


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