John Stubbs (Quaker)
John Stubbs (c.1618–1675) was an itinerant English Quaker minister and author who engaged in a well-known debate with Roger Williams in Rhode Island.[1]
Stubbs had received a liberal education and was fluent in several languages, including Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.[2] Stubbs served as a soldier in Cromwell's army and was stationed in the Carlisle garrison where George Fox was imprisoned in 1653 and Fox converted Stubbs to the Quaker beliefs.[3] Stubbs refused to take an oath of fidelity to Cromwell in 1654 as against his Quaker beliefs, so he left the army that year.[3] In Lancashire in 1660, Stubbs tried to ban vulgar expressions in the Classics from Latin instruction.[4] Stubbs was instrumental in advocating for the use of "thee" and "thou" by the Quakers to describe a single person.[5] According to George Fox in the 1660s, Stubbs had a wife and four children and was imprisoned by a judge for not swearing an oath according to his Quaker beliefs.[5] Stubbs "traveled extensively in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales and Holland."[6] While in Amsterdam he preached to the Collegiants with fellow Quaker William Ames.[7] He traveled to America with George Fox and stayed behind upon Fox's return.[6] Stubbs debated the Protestant theologian Roger Williams in Rhode Island (New England) in 1672 with several other Quakers.[2] The debate was published in Williams' George Fox Digged out of his Burrowes. Stubbs wrote several Quaker books.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Catie Gill, "Stubbs, John (c.1618–1675)", first published 2004, 486 words, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/69131
- ^ a b Roger Williams, George Fox Digg’d out of his Burrowes or an offer of Disputation on fourteen Proposals made this last Summer of 1672 unto G. Fox then present on Rode-Island in New England (Printed in Boston by John Foster 1676, republished by Russell & Russeull, NY 1963, Volume Five, Writing of Roger Williams), p. 38
- ^ a b Friends Intelligencer, Volume 16, (1859 – Society of Friends) p. 531
- ^ Richard L. Greaves, Dublin's Merchant-Quaker: Anthony Sharp and the Community of Friends, 1643–1707, p. 160
- ^ a b A Journal: Or Historical Account of the Life, Travels, Sufferings ..., Volume 2 By George Fox, William Penn, Margaret Askew Fell Fox, p. 42
- ^ a b William Carter Stubbs, The Descendants of John Stubbs of Cappahosic, Gloucester County ..., Issue 2, (1902), pg. 16 [1] Archived 2017-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ William Sewel, The history of the rise, increase, and progress of the Christian people called Quakers, Third Edition, Philadelphia: Samuel Keimer, 1728 p. 108
- ^ Dr. Adrian Davies, The Quakers in English Society, 1655–1725 (2000), pg. 124
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