Mirza Adeeb

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Mirza Adeeb
A portrait of Mirza Adeeb
A portrait of Mirza Adeeb
Native name
میرزا ادیب (Urdu)
BornMirza Dilawer
(1914-04-04)4 April 1914
Lahore, Punjab, British India
(now Pakistan)
Died31 July 1999(1999-07-31) (aged 85)
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
Pen nameMeerza Adeeb
OccupationDramatist or Playwright, Short story writer
LanguagePunjabi, Urdu
NationalityBritish Indian
(1914–1947)
Pakistani
(1947–1999)
CitizenshipPakistani
EducationB.A. (Hon.)
Alma mater
PeriodModern Era (Post-World War II)
GenreDrama, short story
SubjectVerisimilitude, Realism and Romanticism
Literary movementProgressive Movement
Romanticist Movement
Notable worksPas-i Pardah (1967), Caccā Coṉc
Notable awards
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Mirza Adeeb:مرزا ادیب, PP, BA (Hon), (Urdu: مرزا ادیب—Mirzā Adīb; 4 April 1914 – 31 July 1999[2][1][3][4]), also known as Meerza Adeeb, (میرزا ادیب—Mīrzā Adīb),[4] was a Pakistani dramatist, playwright and short story writer who wrote in Urdu and Punjabi language.[5] His plays and short stories won him six prizes and awards from the Pakistan Writers' Guild.[1]

Name[edit]

Mirza Adeeb's birth name was Mirza Dilawer Ali,[6][7] but he came to be known in the literary world as Mirza Adeeb. (Mirza denotes the rank of a high nobleman or Prince,[Note 1] and Adeeb means 'Litterateur'.)

Early life[edit]

He was born on 4 April 1914, in Lahore, British India to Mirza Basheer Ali.[2][1] He attended Government Islamia High School, Bhati Gate, Lahore. He got his Bachelor of Arts degree from Islamia College, Lahore. He initially focused on poetry, then devoted himself to playwriting.[1][6]

Career[edit]

Plays[edit]

At first, being influenced from the Rūmānwī Tẹḥrīk—رومانوی تحریک (Urdu for 'The Romanticist Movement'), he wrote romantic prose.[8]

Later, he switched to writing plays about everyday events and incidents taking place in the society; focusing more on social problems and common public issues. His later works were pragmatist and verisimilitudinous.[7] He used simple and everyday language in his plays, which enabled them to get a greater audience. Moreover, he had begun writing one-act dramas, which made them easier to broadcast over radio and television.[9][2] When he affiliated himself with Radio Pakistan, many of his plays were broadcast and they gained popularity among the masses. He is listed as a prominent Urdu playwright of the Modern Era.[9][2]

Other works[edit]

His main works, other than dramas, include stories and biographies.[9] He also wrote critical essays and commentaries on books, besides writing columns in newspapers. He was also influenced by the Taraqqī-Pasasnd Tẹḥrīk—ترقّی-پسند تحریک (Urdu for 'Progressive Movement').[9] He was also the editor of magazines, of which the most notable is Adab-e Laṭīf—ادبِ لطیف (Urdu for 'Humorous Literature'). He also translated some American stories to Urdu.[9]

Style[edit]

Following are the main features of Mirza Adeeb's style of writing:[9]

  • Objectivity: His plays had a strong sense of objectivity in them.
  • Riveting dialogues: The dialogues he chose were grounded, yet captivating. Each character spoke according to his/her social status and his dramas did not contain artificial, literary dialogues. His dialogues also contained witty repartees and striking replies.
  • Versatility: His story lines include a variety of topics, taken from the prosaic lives on common people.
  • Pragmatism: Rather than focusing on characterisation, as did many of his contemporaries, he focused more on events.
  • Humanitarianism: His plays and stories have a humanitarian and philanthropic outlook.

Works[edit]

  • His selective drama-collections are:
  • Āⁿsū aur Sitārē, آنسو اور ستارے (Urdu for 'Tears and the Stars')[6]
  • Lahū aur Qālīn, لہو اور قالین (Urdu for 'the Blood and the Carpet')[6]
  • Šīšē kī Dīwār, شیشے کی دیوار (Urdu for 'the Wall of Glass')[6][10]
  • Sutūn, ستون (Urdu for 'the Pillar')[6][11]
  • Faṣīl-e Šab, فصیلِ شب (Urdu for 'Part of the Night')[1]
  • m'Pas-e Pardah, پسِ پرده (Urdu for 'Beneath the Veil') (1967)[1][7]
  • Xāk Našīn, خاک نشین (Urdu for 'the Earth Dwellers')[8] and
  • Šīšah Mērē Saŋg, شیشہ میرے سنگ (Urdu for 'the Glass With Me')[6]
  • His selective short-story collections are:[9]
  • Jaŋgal, جنگل (Urdu for 'the Jungle')
  • Dustak, دستک (Urdu for 'Knocking')
  • Dīwārēⁿ, دیواریں (Urdu for 'the Walls')
  • Kambal, کمبل (Urdu for 'the Blanket')
  • Sharfoo Ki Kahani, شروف کی کہانی (Urdu for 'The Story of Nobel people')
  • Wo Larki Kon Thi, وہ لڑکی کون تھی (Urdu for 'Who was that girl')
  • His collection of personal biographies is:
  • Nāxun kā Qarź, ناخن کا قرض (Urdu for 'the Debt of the Fingernail')[1]
  • Miṫṫī kā Diyā, مٹّی کا دیا (Urdu for 'the Earthen Lamp') is his autobiography.[1][7][12]

Awards[edit]

Death[edit]

Mirza Adeeb died on 31 July 1999 in Lahore, Pakistan at age 85.[2]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The derivation of which word is from Emir – Amīr (Urdu for 'nobleman') and Zādah (Urdu for 'son').

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Aqeel Abbas Jafari (2010). Pakistan Chronicle (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Karachi: Virsa Publications. p. 842. ISBN 9789699454004.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Renowned playwright Mirza Adeeb remembered". The Nation (newspaper). Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  3. ^ "Fāt̴imah Bint-e ʿAbdullāh". Urdū (lāzmī), barā-yi jamāʿat dahum. Lahore: Punjab Textbook Board. 2009. p. 51.
  4. ^ a b "Apnā Apnā Rāg". Sarmāya-eh Urdū (dōm). Islamabad: National Book Foundation. 2011. p. 70.
  5. ^ "Literary Necrology 2001 (Bibliography)". World Literature Today. 22 March 2002. Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Apnā Apnā Rāg". Ā'īna-eh Urdū (lāzmī). Lahore: Khalid Book Depot. 2006. p. 124.
  7. ^ a b c d "Fāṭimah Bint-e ʿAbdullah". Ā'īna-eh Urdū lāzmī (dōm). Lahore: Khalid Book Depot. 2006. pp. 173–174.
  8. ^ a b "Apnā Apnā Rāg". Sarmāya-eh Urdū (lāzmī). Kabir St., Urdu Bazaar, Lahore: Ilmi Kitab Khana. 2008. p. 122.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "Mirzā Adīb kē Fan par Tabṣirah". Muṣannifīn peh Tabṣirah. Karachi: Adamjee Centre. 2010. pp. 10–11.
  10. ^ "Šīšē kī Dīwār by Mirza Adeeb – Urdu Book online". UrduPoint.com website. 16 November 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  11. ^ Mirza Adeeb. Sutūn. GoogleBooks. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  12. ^ Mirza Adeeb (1981). "Miṫṫī kā Diyā". GoogleBooks website. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  13. ^ Mirza Adeeb profile on urduyouthforum.org website Retrieved 10 August 2019
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