Salvadoran folklore

Folkloric ballet of El Salvador.

The folklore of El Salvador shares common traits with the rest of the Mesoamerican region. In El Salvador, the presence of the ancestral civilizations of the Mayans, Toltecs, Nahuas, among others, left their presence in many aspects of daily life in the region.

The arrival of Europeans to the continent began an amalgamation of customs, traditions, and diversity of expressions. Despite the efforts of the colonizers to eradicate local cultures, the native cultures persevered, and eventually coexisted with those of the Europeans. The coexistence of both European and native cultures and living led to assimilation into a new colonial society. Examples of this combined culture include the adaptation of several Nahuat words into Spanish, the continued dominance of the Catholic religion, and the daily presence of corn in meals. The combined folklore of the two cultures perseveres to the modern day, though some aspects have been lost to time.

Material folklore

Las Pupusas. Traditional dish par excellence in El Salvador.

Material folklore includes physical, created items, such as foods, furniture, and traditional medicine.

In popular cuisine, dishes made from corn are common, including pupusas, atol shuco, tortillas, tamales, corn chicha, chilate, corn atol, torrejas, and cashew seed atol.

Drinks include hot drinks, such as hot chocolate and coffee, as well as cold drinks (popularly called "frescoes" or "soft drinks"), such as horchata, barley soft drink, and tamarind soft drink.

Popular sweets include coconut preserves, milkshakes, grapefruit sweets, and marshmallows. Jellies are often made of local fruits, such as the quince and guava.

Regarding housing and furniture, examples of common items are hammocks, petates, tombillas, tecomates, bateas, comals, and pitchers.

Social folklore

Social folklore relates to popular festivals, brotherhoods, games, and markets. It can be divided into the following categories, with common examples:

• Traditional toys: the capirucho, the yo-yo, the trompo, marbles, and the kite.

• Group games: blind man's chicken, thief freed, donkey jumps, onion plucking, and mica.

• Rounds: the peregrina, Mrs. Ana, Chanchavalancha, Naranja Dulce, Ton-Ton, and Componte.

• Adult games: the deck, ribbon races, dice, and Nejapa Fireballs.

• Brotherhoods: the brotherhood of Izalco, Santo Domingo de Guzmán, San Antonio del Monte, Sonzacate, and Panchimalco.

Spiritual-mental folklore

Spiritual-mental folklore relates to popular religious manifestations, popular literature, music, dance, oral tradition, idioms (popularly known as Caliche), and other related concepts.

Oral tradition

Salvadoran oral tradition includes all of the legends and stories of pre-Hispanic, colonial or republican origin that have been transmitted from generation to generation in the Salvadoran populations. These can be classified based on the character or location of the story (with some examples):

• Mythical characters related to water: the Siguanaba, the Managuas, the Tepehuas (also known as arbolarios or hurracaneros), the Llorona, Chasca, the virgin of water, the Cuyancua, the golden crab.
• Goblins and other mythical characters: Cipitio, the Cadejo, the Dwarf, the Fair Judge of the Night, the Black Knight, the Squeaky Wagon, the Guirola Family, the Midnight Yeller, the Ashtray, the Tamale woman, the Partideño.
• Animals: uncle rabbit, uncle coyote, uncle tiger, monkeys.
• Enchanted places: Izalco Volcano, the Arch of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Ilopango Lake, Tacuzcalco, the Pichichera, Sisimico Canyon.
• Saints and miracles: the Virgin of Candelaria, Our Lady Saint Anne, the Black Christ, the Lord of Charity, the Virgin of the Lava, San Antonio de Padua, Santa Lucía, the procession of the dead, etc.
• Kings, princesses and peches: the king, the princess and the three riddles, the godson and the peche.
• Mythologized heroes: Atonal, Atlacatl, Anastasio Aquino, Feliciano Ama and Farabundo Martí.

Patron saint festivities and popular celebrations

Each municipality is dedicated to a patron saint and is celebrated annually. Among the most important:

• Patron saint festivities dedicated to Savior of the World known as August Festivals (in San Salvador and national holiday.) These festivities are called Fiestas agostinas in Spanish).

• July Festivals (Fiestas Julias in Spanish): dedicated to Saint Anne, in the city of the same name.

• Patron saint festivities of San Miguel in honor of the Virgin of Peace where the Carnival of San Miguel is celebrated.

Some popular religious celebrations include Roodmas, Holy Week, the Talcigüines, and the Day of the Animas.

Dances and musical instruments

There are around thirty dances. Among the most popular are: dance of the historians, the Chapetones, the Partesana, the Torito Pinto, the Tiger and the Deer, the Negritos, the Giantess, the feathered ones, and the Cortadoras.

Among the traditional musical instruments are: the Caramba, the Eunuch flute, the Sacabuche, and the Jawbone.

Bibliography

• Dirección de Patrimonio Cultural (1993). Tradición oral de El Salvador. San Salvador : Dirección de Publicaciones e Impresos.

• Ministerio de Cultura y Comunicaciones (1985). Etnografía de El Salvador. San Salvador : Dirección de Publicaciones.

• Ministerio de Educación (1994). Historia de El Salvador Tomo I. México D.F. : Comisión Nacional de los Libros de Textos Gratuitos.

External links

• www.folkloredeelsalvador.com
• transl. es – transl. Folclore de El Salvador