Sestra flexata
| Sestra flexata | |
|---|---|
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| Female | |
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| Male | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | Sestra |
| Species: | S. flexata
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| Binomial name | |
| Sestra flexata | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Sestra flexata, also known as the common fern looper, is a species of moth in the family Geometridae.[3] This species is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy[edit]
S. flexata was first described by Francis Walker in 1862 using specimens collected either in Auckland by D. Bolton.[4] Walker originally named the species Cidaria flexata.[2] George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand.[5] The male holotype is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[2]
Description[edit]
The pale yellow egg is cylindrical in shape.[6] The larva of this species is coloured dark brown and is 25 to 30 mm long when mature.[7] The larvae are approximately 1 to 1+1⁄4 inch long and is a brownish greenish colour with yellow tones underneath. Down its back is a brown line with two more lines down its sides. It also has a few black markings and a number of short bristles.[6]
Walker described the adult of this species as follows:
Female. Cinereous fawn-colour, ochraceous beneath. Palpi slender, very short, obliquely ascending. Abdomen yellowish. Forewings acute, subfalcate, with a blackish shade on nearly half the middle space and along the exterior border, which is distinctly angular. Hind wings yellowish, without markings; fore part of the exterior border slightly truncated. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.[4]
Hudson described the adults of this species as follows:
The expansion of the wings is from 1+1⁄4 to 1+3⁄8 inches. The fore-wings are pale plum-colour; there is an indistinct, curved, brownish transverse line near the base; a straight dark brown line across the middle, and a curved series of brownish dots beyond the middle; the apex is pointed, and the termen has a strong projection a little above the middle. The hind-wings are ochreous, with a series of minute brownish dots across the middle.[5]
Distribution[edit]
This species is endemic to New Zealand.[1] This species is found throughout New Zealand including the North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands.[6]
Host species[edit]
The larval hosts of this species are Pteris macilenta and Histiopteris incisa.[7] It has been collected by beating the latter fern.[6]
Behaviour[edit]
The older larvae of this species feed at night.[7] When disturbed the larva will drop to the ground.[7] Adults of this species pollinate Leptospermum scoparium.[8] The adult moths are nocturnal, are attracted to light and on the wing from September until March.[7][6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "NZOR Name Details - Sestra flexata (Walker, 1862)". www.nzor.org.nz. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
- ^ a b c John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 169. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
- ^ Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 460. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ a b Francis Walker (1862), List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXV. Geometrites (continued), London, p. 1421, Wikidata Q115202878
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 146, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
- ^ a b c d e David Edward Gaskin (1966). "The butterflies and common moths of New Zealand". New Zealand: 142–143. Wikidata Q115000559.
- ^ a b c d e Andrew Crowe (2004). Life-Size Guide to New Zealand Native Ferns: Featuring the unique caterpillars which feed on them. p. 19. ISBN 0-14-301924-4. Wikidata Q115211440.
- ^ Richard B. Primack (July 1983). "Insect pollination in the New Zealand mountain flora". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 21 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1983.10428561. ISSN 0028-825X. Wikidata Q54669862.
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