Zabergan
Zabergan (Medieval Greek: Ζαβεργάν) was the chieftain of the Kutrigurs, a nomadic people of the Pontic–Caspian steppe, after Sinnion. His name is Iranian, meaning full moon.[1] Either under pressure from incoming Avars,[2] or in revolt against the Byzantine Empire, in the winter of 558, he led a large Kutrigur army that crossed the frozen Danube. The army was divided into three sections: one raided south far as Thermopylae, while two others the Thracian Chersonesus and the periphery of Constantinople.[3] In March 559 Zabergan attacked Constantinople, and one part of his forces consisted of 7,000 horsemen,[4] but Belisarius defeated him at the Battle of Melantias and he was forced to withdraw.[5]
The transit of such big distances in a short period of time shows that the Kutrigurs were mounted warriors,[3] and Zabergan's raiders were already encamped near the banks of the Danube.[3] However, once again Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) managed to persuade the Utigur chieftain Sandilch to attack the Kutrigurs, which resulted in the decimation of both.[2] Nevertheless, according to the 12th-century chronicle of Michael the Syrian the remnant of those Bulgars were granted Dacia in the time of Maurice (r. 582-602).[6] It is unknown if Zabergan was related to the Byzantine general named Zabergan, who in 586 defended the fortress Chlomaron against the Romans.[1]
Honours[edit]
Zabergan Peak in Antarctica is named after Zabergan.
References[edit]
- ^ a b Maenchen-Helfen 1973.
- ^ a b Golden 2011, p. 140; Golden 1992, p. 100
- ^ a b c Curta 2015, p. 77.
- ^ Golden 2011, p. 107.
- ^ James C. Bradford, International Encyclopedia of Military History
- ^ "The Three Scythian Brothers: an Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Great | Mark Dickens". Academia.edu. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
Sources[edit]
- Curta, Florin (2015). "Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans". In Zimonyi István; Osman Karatay (eds.). Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 69–89.
- Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447032742.
- Golden, Peter B. (2011). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei. ISBN 9789732721520.
- Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (1973). "Chapter IX. Language: 5. Iranian names". The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture. University of California Press. p. 392. ISBN 9780520015968.