List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (1960–1969)

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This is a list of tornadoes which have been officially or unofficially labeled as F4, EF4, IF4, or an equivalent rating in the 1960s. These scales – the Fujita scale, the Enhanced Fujita scale, the International Fujita scale, and the TORRO tornado intensity scale – attempt to estimate the intensity of a tornado by classifying the damage caused to natural features and man-made structures in the tornado's path.

Tornadoes are among the most violent known meteorological phenomena. Each year, more than 2,000 tornadoes are recorded worldwide, with the vast majority occurring in North America and Europe.[1][2] In order to assess the intensity of these events, meteorologist Ted Fujita devised a method to estimate maximum wind speeds within tornadic storms based on the damage caused; this became known as the Fujita scale. The scale ranks tornadoes from F0 to F5, with F0 being the least intense and F5 being the most intense. F4 tornadoes were estimated to have had maximum winds between 207 mph (333 km/h) and 260 mph (420 km/h).[3][nb 1]

Following two particularly devastating tornadoes in 1997 and 1999, engineers questioned the reliability of the Fujita scale. Ultimately, a new scale was devised that took into account 28 different damage indicators; this became known as the Enhanced Fujita scale.[4] With building design and structural integrity taken more into account, winds in an EF4 tornado were estimated to between 166 mph (267 km/h) and 200 mph (320 km/h).[5] The Enhanced Fujita scale is used predominantly in North America. Most of Europe, on the other hand, uses the TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale), which ranks tornado intensity between T0 and T11; F4/EF4 tornadoes are approximately equivalent to T8 to T9 on the T-Scale. Tornadoes rated IF4 on the International Fujita scale are also included on this list.

List[edit]

Tornadoes officially rated F4/EF4 or equivalent
Day Year Country Subdivision Location Fatalities Notes Rated by
May 4 1960 United States Oklahoma Pottawatomie County, Seminole County 0 May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence – [6][7] NWS
May 4 1960 United States Oklahoma Soper 0 (3 Injuries) May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence – [6][7] NWS
May 5 1960 United States Oklahoma Wilburton, McCurtain, Keota, Sallisaw 16 (106 Injuries) May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence – [6][7] NWS
May 5 1960 United States Oklahoma Roland 5 (13 Injuries) May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence – [6][7] NWS
May 19 1960 United States Kansas Wabaunsee, St. Marys, 0 (12 Injuries) [6] NWS
May 19 1960 United States Kansas Ozawkie 1 (92 Injuries) [6] NWS
May 20 1960 Poland Subcarpathia Niechobrz 3 ESSL
April 25 1961 United States Indiana, Ohio Boston (IN), Eaton (OH) 0 (7 Injuries) Tornado outbreak sequence of April 23–30, 1961 – [6] NWS
May 5 1961 United States Oklahoma Howe 16 (58 Injuries) Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961 – [6][7] NWS
May 7 1961 United States Kansas, Missouri Kansas City (KS), Waldron (MO), Weatherby Lake (MO), Kansas City (MO), Liberty (MO) 0 (12 Injuries) Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961 – [6][7] NWS
May 30 1961 United States Nebraska Anselmo, Sargent, Ord 0 [6][7] NWS
June 29 1961 United States Montana Glendive 0 (1 Injury) This is the only officially rated F4/EF4 tornado ever recorded in Montana.[6] NWS
September 1 1961 United States Iowa Bristow, Plainfield 0 (7 Injuries) [6] NWS
September 12 1961 United States Texas Galveston 8 (200 Injuries) Hurricane Carla tornado outbreak – One of only two F4 tornadoes of ever produced by a tropical cyclone. 200 buildings suffered severe damage, including 60–75 that were destroyed, with several homes leveled, although hurricane-force winds may have weakened the structures beforehand.[6] NWS
May 25 1962 United States Oklahoma Dill City 0 (9 Injuries) Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14 – June 1, 1962 – [6][7][8] NWS
May 26 1962 United States Oklahoma Cotton County 0 (1 Injury) Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14 – June 1, 1962 – [6][7][9] NWS
May 26 1962 United States Texas Haskell 0 (1 Injury) Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14 – June 1, 1962 – [6][10] NWS
May 29 1962 United States Nebraska Holt County, Boyd County 0 Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14 – June 1, 1962 – The F4 rating of this tornado is questionable as Storm Data lists the event as numerous funnel clouds observed in multiple counties with three brief tornado touchdowns over open country that caused no damage. The tornado was not rated as significant (F2+) by Grazulis.[6][11] NWS
August 6 1962 United States Kansas Holton 0 (3 Injuries) [6] NWS
September 16 1962 United States Minnesota Rochester 0 (34 Injuries) [6] NWS
March 5 1963 United States Alabama Bessemer, Homewood, Mountain Brook 0 (35 Injuries) [6] NWS
March 11 1963 United States Alabama Garden City 2 (6 Injuries) [6] NWS
March 11 1963 United States Mississippi French Camp 2 (7 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 17 1963 United States Illinois, Indiana Bourbonnais (IL), Bradley (IL), Medaryville (IN) 1 (70 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 29 1963 United States Mississippi Shannon 3 (20 Injuries) [6] NWS
January 24 1964 United States Alabama Harpersville 10 (6 Injuries) [6] NWS
March 4 1964 United States Kentucky Calloway County, Marshall County 3 (24 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 12 1964 United States Kansas Greeley 3 (9 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 12 1964 United States Iowa Page County 1 (28 Injuries) [6] NWS
May 5 1964 United States Nebraska Primrose, Petersburg, Raeville 0 (11 Injuries) [6] NWS
May 8 1964 United States Michigan New Baltimore 11 (224 Injuries) [6] NWS
June 22 1964 United States Iowa Fremont County, Page County 0 [6] NWS
August 22 1964 United States Wisconsin Port Washington 0 (30 Injuries) [6] NWS
August 29 1964 United States Iowa Kossuth County 0 (2 Injuries) [6] NWS
October 3 1964 United States Louisiana Larose 22 (165 Injuries) Hurricane Hilda tornado outbreak – One of only two F4 tornadoes of ever produced by a tropical cyclone.[6] NWS
March 16 1965 United States Oklahoma, Kansas Grant County (OK), Kay County (OK), Sumner County (KS), Cowley County (KS) 0 (7 Injuries) [6][7] NWS
April 10 1965 United States Arkansas Conway 6 (200 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Iowa, Wisconsin Lowden, Epworth 1 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Wisconsin Grant County 0 (3 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Illinois Lakewood, Crystal Lake, Prairie Grove, Island Lake 6 (75 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Michigan Walker, Rockford 5 (142 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana Wakarusa, Goshen, Dunlap 31 (252 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana Elkhart County, LaGrange County 5 (41 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana, Michigan Orland (IN), Hillsdale (MI), Tecumseh (MI) 23 (294 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana Tippeacanoe County, Clinton County 0 (44 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana Elkhart, Dunlap 36 (321 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana Russiaville, Kokomo, Greentown, Swayzee, Marion 25 (835 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Michigan Hillsdale, Tecumseh 21 (293 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana Montgomery County, Boone County, Hamilton County 28 (123 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Indiana, Ohio Berne (IN) 4 (125 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Michigan Clinton County, Shiawassee County 1 (8 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Ohio Cairo 13 (104 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Ohio, Michigan Toledo (OH) 18 (236 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Ohio Fort Loramie 3 (50 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 11 1965 United States Ohio Grafton, Strongsville 18 (200 Injuries) 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 5 1965 United States Iowa Callender 0 Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 5 1965 United States Iowa Osage 0 (11 Injuries) Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 6 1965 United States Minnesota St. Bonifacius, Minnetrista 3 (175 Injuries) Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 6 1965 United States Minnesota Chanhassen, Deephaven 0 Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 6 1965 United States Minnesota Minneapolis, Columbia Heights, Fridley, Spring Lake Park, Blaine 3 (175 Injuries) Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 6 1965 United States Minnesota Golden Valley, Robbinsdale, Minneapolis, Columbia Heights, Fridley, Mounds View, Shoreview, Blaine, Lexington, Circle Pines, Lino Lakes 6 (158 Injuries) Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 8 1965 United States Nebraska Greeley Center 0 Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
May 8 1965 United States Nebraska Primrose, Wausa 4 (53 Injuries) Early May 1965 tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
June 2 1965 United States Texas Hale Center 4 (76 Injuries) [6] NWS
June 7 1965 United States South Dakota Turner County 1 [6] NWS
July 4 1965 Italy Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy 3 (80 Injuries) ESSL
August 26 1965 United States Iowa Black Hawk County, Benton County 1 (17 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 4 1966 United States Florida Largo, Clearwater, Tampa, Temple Terrace, Lakeland, Cocoa 11 (530 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of April 4–5, 1966 – [6] NWS
April 27 1966 United States Oklahoma Johnston County, Atoka County 0 (2 Injuries) [6][7] NWS
June 8 1966 United States Kansas Lansing 1 (2 Injuries) Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966 – [6] NWS
June 11 1966 United States Minnesota Jenkins, Crosslake 0 Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966 – [6] NWS
January 24 1967 United States Missouri, Iowa Schuyler County (MO), Scotland County (MO), Davis County (IA) 0 (2 Injuries) 1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
January 24 1967 United States Missouri Chesterfield, Maryland Heights, Bridgeton, St. Ann, Berkeley, Ferguson 3 (216 Injuries) 1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
March 6 1967 United States Alabama Dora, Sumiton, Warrior 2 (25 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 21 1967 United States Missouri Bucklin, Atlanta 0 (2 Injuries) 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 21 1967 United States Illinois Belvidere, Woodstock 24 (450 Injuries) 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 21 1967 United States Illinois Algonquin, Barrington Hills, Fox River Grove, Lake Barrington, North Barrington, Lake Zurich 1 (100 Injuries) 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 21 1967 United States Illinois Palos Park, Palos Heights, Worth, Alsip, Oak Lawn, Chicago 33 (500 Injuries) 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 21 1967 United States Michigan Westphalia 0 (8 Injuries) 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak – [6] NWS
April 30 1967 United States Iowa Worth County, Mitchell County 0 Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 1967 – [6] NWS
April 30 1967 United States Iowa, Minnesota Worth County (IA), Freeborn County (MN) 0 (1 Injury) Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 1967 – [6] NWS
April 30 1967 United States Minnesota Albert Lea, Owatonna 5 (35 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 1967 – [6] NWS
April 30 1967 United States Minnesota New Richland, Waseca 6 (22 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 1967 – [6] NWS
June 8 1967 United States Iowa Fort Dodge 0 [6] NWS
June 10 1967 United States Oklahoma Roger Mills County, Custer County 4 (1 Injury) [6][7] NWS
June 10 1967 United States Oklahoma Blaine County 0 [6][7] NWS
June 24 1967 France Hauts-de-France 2 (50 Injuries) ESSL
December 2 1967 United States Mississippi Scott County 2 (10 Injuries) [6] NWS
December 21 1967 United States Missouri Potosi 3 (52 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 3 1968 United States Arkansas Star City 5 (16 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 3 1968 United States Kentucky Murray, Kentucky 2 (30 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 19 1968 United States Arkansas Greenwood 14 (270 Injuries) [6] NWS
April 23 1968 United States Kentucky, Ohio Falmouth (KY), Dover (KY), Ripley (OH), Lucasville (OH) 6 (364 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of April 21–24, 1968 – [6] NWS
April 23 1968 United States Ohio Clermont County, Brown County, Clinton County 1 (33 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of April 21–24, 1968 – [6] NWS
May 15 1968 United States Arkansas Oil Trough 7 (24 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of May 1968 – [6] NWS
May 15 1968 United States Arkansas Jonesboro, Manila 35 (364 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of May 1968 – [6] NWS
July 10 1968 Germany Baden-Württemberg Marxzell, Karlsbad, Keltern, Birkenfeld, Pforzheim, Wurmberg, Wiernsheim, Mönsheim 2 (300 Injuries) ESSL
August 19 1968 United States Wisconsin Coleman, Peshtigo 2 (3 Injuries) [6] NWS
January 23 1969 United States Mississippi Hazlehurst 32 (241 Injuries) 1969 Hazlehurst, Mississippi tornadoes – [6] NWS
April 18 1969 United States Alabama Greenville 2 (14 Injuries) [6] NWS
June 22 1969 United States Missouri Crawford County, Washington County 2 (22 Injuries) [6] NWS
June 22 1969 United States Missouri St. Francois 4 (14 Injuries) [6] NWS
June 23 1969 United States Kansas Sedgwick County 0 (6 Injuries) [6] NWS
July 7 1969 United States South Dakota Harding County 0 [6] NWS
August 6 1969 United States Minnesota Fifty Lakes, Hill City 12 (70 Injuries) Tornado outbreak of August 6, 1969 – [6] NWS
August 18 1969 Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast, Kyiv Oblast Kivshovata

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The winds estimated by the Fujita Scale are estimated values and have not been verified scientifically.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "U.S. Tornado Climatology". National Climatic Data Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 20, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  2. ^ Paul Rincon (July 11, 2003). "UK, Holland top twister league". British Broadcasting Company. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  3. ^ a b "Fujita Tornado Damage Scale". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  4. ^ "The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale)". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. August 4, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  5. ^ "Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage". Storm Prediction Center. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw Grazulis, T. P. (1990). Significant Tornadoes: A chronology of events. Tornado Project. ISBN 9781879362024. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Violent Tornadoes (F4/F5/EF-4/EF-5) in Oklahoma (1950-Present)". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  8. ^ "Oklahoma Event Report: F4 Tornado". National Weather Service. National Center for Environmental Information. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  9. ^ Oklahoma Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  10. ^ Texas Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  11. ^ Nebraska Event Report: F4 Tornado. National Weather Service (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
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