Azumamorula mutica

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Azumamorula mutica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Neogastropoda
Superfamily:
Muricoidea
Family:
Muricidae
Subfamily:
Ergalataxinae
Genus:
Azumamorula
Species:
A. mutica
Binomial name
Azumamorula mutica
(Lamarck, 1816)
Synonyms[1]
  • Drupa mutica (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Morula (Azumamorula) mutica (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Ricinula mutica Lamarck, 1816 (basionym)
  • Ricinula pisolina Lamarck, 1822

Azumamorula mutica, common name the smooth ricinula, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.[1] It is the only species in genus Azumamorula.

Description[edit]

The shell size varies between 15 mm and 20 mm

Distribution[edit]

This species is distributed in the Indian Ocean along Madagascar, the Mascarene basin, Réunion, and along Eastern Australia.

Taxonomy[edit]

This species was originally named Ricinula mutica by Lamarck in 1816,[2] grouping it with species that are now mostly in Drupa and Morula.[a] In 1823, Dall defined two new genera, Drupina and Morulina, to hold species of Drupa and Morula having simple non-plaited columnellae. He chose R. mutica as the type species for Morulina.[b][3]

Thiele in 1931 and Wenz in 1941 had placed Morulina into Drupa. In 1968, Emerson found that the teeth on the radula of D. mutica had an unusual shape. As a result, he desired to split it out to its own genus, but the name Morulina was already taken as a genus of arthropod. Thus he introduced a new name Azumamorula, recognising Masao Azuma who had extracted the radula specimen.[4]

In 2004, Houart placed Azumamorula and Oppomorus as subgenera of Morula, and moved Morula from subfamily Rapaninae to Ergalataxinae.[5][6] However, in 2013, a phylogenetic study of the sequences for four genes indicated that Morula (Morula) sensu stricto was polyphyletic, and Morula (Oppomorus) was a separate clade.[7] The relevant genes from A. mutica haven't been sequenced, but it's unlikely to be part of a more-restricted Morula–Habromorula group. As of 2020, Houart lists Azumamorula as a separate genus[8] and Molluscabase classes the combination Azumamorula mutica as "accepted".[9]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ R. horrida (D. morum Röding 1798), R. arachnoides (Murex ricinus Linnaeus, now D. ricinus), R. aspera (Mor. aspera), R. clathrata (D. clathrata), R. nodus (D. uva Röding 1798, Mor. uva), and R. digitata (Drupa grossularia Röding 1798, Drupina grossularia)
  2. ^ Along with Morulina mutica, Dall lists triangulata, fiscellum (Murichorda fiscellum, Muricodrupa fiscellum), ocellata (Ergalatax contracta), ambusta (Morula spinosa), musiva (Tenguella musiva), ochrostoma (Pascula ochrostoma), polyphrostoma, dumosa (Purpura dumosa), fuscoimbricata, fenestrata (Muricodrupa fenestrata), and elata (Drupella cornus)

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Morula (Azumamorula) mutica (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 2 February 2020.
  2. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Azumamorula mutica (Lamarck, 1816)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  3. ^ Dall, W. H. (1923). "Notes on Drupa and Morula". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 75: 303–306. JSTOR 4063885.
  4. ^ Emerson (1968). "Azumamorula, new name for Morulina Dall, 1923, not Boerner, 1906 (Gastropoda: Muricacea)". The Nautilus. 81 (4): 125–126. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  5. ^ Houart, Roland (10 November 2004). "Review of the Recent species of Morula (Oppomorus), M. (Azumamorula) and M. (Habromorula) (Gastropoda: Muricidae: Ergalataxinae)". Novapex. 5 (4): 91–130.
  6. ^ Molluscabase lists Drivas & Jay (1987) as the basis for its record on M. (A.) mutica. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Morula (Azumamorula) mutica (Lamarck, 1816). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=217139 on 2020-02-01
  7. ^ Claremont, Martine; Houart, Roland; Williams, Suzanne T.; Reid, David G. (1 February 2013). "A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ergalataxinae (Neogastropoda: Muricidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 79 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1093/mollus/eys028. ISSN 0260-1230.
  8. ^ Houart, Roland; Zuccon, Dario; Puillandre, Nicolas (9 April 2019). "Description of new genera and new species of Ergalataxinae (Gastropoda: Muricidae)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Azumamorula mutica (Lamarck, 1816). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1335434 on 2020-02-01
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1816. Liste des objets représentés dans les planches de cette livraison. pp. 1–16 in Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Paris : Agasse Part 23 pp. 1–16, pls 391–488.
  • Reeve, L.A. 1846. Monograph of the genus Ricinula. pls 1–6 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 3.
  • Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar. Faune des Colonies Francaises, Tome III
  • Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice
  • Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Morula mutica.
  • "Morula (Azumamorula) mutica". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  • Illustration of Ricinula shells plate 395, legend page 169. "Ricinula mutica Lamk. VII. 233." is figure 2. Lamarck (1816) part 23 of Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Contenant l'helminthologie, ou les vers infusoires, les vers intestins, les vers mollusques, &c.; Paris. Plate is notated "Deseve dir't", probably Jacques Eustache de Sève, son of Jacques de Sève.
  • Description by Lamarck in Latin and French, 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres t. 7 p. 233. BHL, from holdings at Uni. Toronto, Smithsonian.
  • Reprint of Lamarck's 1816 "Liste des objets". Richard E. Petit, 2011, Conchologia Ingrata issue 3. [1]
  • Illustration (plate II, fig. 6) by Sowerby in Reeve's Conchologica Iconica (1845).
  • Illustration (fig. 2, as Purpura pisolina) in de Blainville, H. (1832). "Disposition méthodique des espèces récentes et fossiles des genres Pourpre, Ricinule, Licorne et Concholepas de M. de Lamarck …". Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. 1: 189–263.
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