Michel Fardeau

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Michel Fardeau (born 24 October 1929 in Paris, 12th arrondissement), is a medical researcher in medical pathology, pioneering founder in France of myology, a medical discipline treating diseases of the neuromuscular system. He was also a full professor at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers in a chair dedicated to the social integration of disabled people.

Biography[edit]

Michel Fardeau was a student at the Lycée Voltaire and then completed his secondary studies from 1939 to 1945 at the Collège du Blanc (Indre). Major at the PCB (section C) in 1946, he was an external then Internal of the Paris Hospitals (1954) then Chief of Clinic (1959-1960). He joined the CNRS at the end of his internship, where he spent his entire scientific career, from trainee (1959) to Research Director (1977).[1] He was also a Research Fellow of the National Institutes for Health (NIH) in Bethesda (USA), (1967-1968).

In 1960, he created an Electron Microscopy laboratory at La Salpêtrière to study human neuromuscular pathology.[2] This laboratory will become the CNRS Research Team in 1971, then the Inserm Research Unit from 1976 to 1998. On this date, he became the first Medical and Scientific Director of the new Institute of Myology, created by the French Agency against Myopathies (AFM-Telethon)[3] at the Hospital de la Pitié Salpêtrière. In 1990, Michel Fardeau was elected as Full Professor in a newly created Chair of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, dedicated to the Social Integration of People with Disabilities, which he will hold until 2002.

Michel Fardeau has chaired numerous Scientific Boards at the University of Paris VI and abroad. He was a member of the Inserm Scientific Management College from 1982 to 1994. He was a member of the French National Consultative Ethics Committee[4] (1986-1990) and then Chairman of the Ethics Committee in Medical Research and Health (2000-2003).

He is a member of many Societies of Neurology and Neuropathology throughout the world and has been elected Corresponding Member of the American Neurological Association (1995), the French Academy of sciences (1996)[5] and Full Member of the French Academy of Technologies (1999).[6] He received the Vermeil Medal of the City of Paris (2013),[7] and the Grand Medal of the French Academy of Medicine (2014).[8] He is an honorary doctor of the University of Mons Hainaut (2004).[9]

Scientific contribution[edit]

Michel Fardeau has devoted his entire scientific life to the analysis and treatment of human neuromuscular diseases. His work has focused in particular on the clinical and morphological analysis of congenital myopathies defined by structural anomalies of muscle fibres. He is credited with key descriptions in the field of cardiomyopathies with desmin overload,[10][11] severe autosomal recessive myopathies in children with adhaline deficiency (gamma - sarcoglycan), congenital muscular dystrophies of toddlers with merosin deficiency,[12] and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies[13][14] in juveniles, rediscovered in a genetic isolate from Reunion Island, with Calpain 3 deficiency, dystrophies subsequently found throughout the world.[15]

This research has led to better detection and prevention of these genetic disorders,[16][17] and to the first therapeutic, experimental (by cell transplantation)[18] or human (first gene therapy trial using a dytrophin plasmid) advances in Duchenne myopathy.[19]

In the field of disability, it was responsible for a Report on the Comparative and Prospective Analysis of Policies Implemented for People with Disabilities,[20] a preparatory report for the 2005 Law on Equal Opportunities.

Books[edit]

  • L'Homme et de chair: Editions Odile Jacob, 2005[21]
  • Passion Neurologie, Jules and Augusta Dejerine: Editions Odile Jacob, 2012[22]

Awards and honours[edit]

  • Winner of the Grand Prize of the Athena-Institut de France Foundation; 1985
  • Duchenne-Erb" Prize of the Deutsche Gesellschaft Bekämfung der Muskelkrankheiten, 1991
  • International Prize "Gaetano Conte" (Basic Research), 1995
  • Premio Ottorino Rossi, Pavia, 1996
  • Swedish Society of Medicine Medal, 2000
  • Lifetime Achievement Award (World Federation of Neurology), 2002
  • Member of Academia Europaea[23] (Physiology and Biophysics Section) 1995
  • Corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences (Section of Biological and Medical Sciences) 1996
  • Honorary Member of the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences (1996)
  • Full member (1999), then emeritus (2000) of the French Academy of Technologies
  • Ordre national du Mérite, Chevalier, 1985
  • Légion d'Honneur, Chevalier: 1989; Officier: 1998Fra

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Histoire du CNRS".
  2. ^ "Histoire de l'Inserm".
  3. ^ "Institut de Myologie". institut-myologie.org.
  4. ^ "CCNE". ccne-ethique.fr.
  5. ^ "Académie des sciences".
  6. ^ "Académie des technologies".
  7. ^ "Honorariat Michel Fardeau". 15 December 2015.
  8. ^ "Grande médaille de l'Académie nationale de médecine". 15 December 2015.
  9. ^ "Docteur honoris causa Université de Mons".
  10. ^ Fardeau M, Godet-Guillain J, Tomé FMS, Collin H, Gaudeau S, Boffety C, Vernant P, « Sur une nouvelle affection musculaire familiale définie par l’accumulation d’un matériel granulo-filamentaire intra-sarcoplasmique en microscopie électronique », Rev Neurol, 1978, 134, p. 411-425
  11. ^ Vicart P, Caron A, Guicheney P, Li Z, Prevost M-C, Faure A, Château D, Chapon F, Tomé FMS, Dupret J-M, Paulin D, Fardeau M, « A missense mutation in the αB-crystallin chaperone gene cause a desmin-related myopathy », Nature Genet, 1998, 20, p. 92-95
  12. ^ Tomé FMS, Evangelista T, Leclerc A, Sunada Y, Manole E, Estournet B, Barois A, Campbell KP, Fardeau M, « Congenital muscular dystrophy with merosin deficiency », C-R Acad Sc, Paris, 1994, 317, p. 351-357
  13. ^ Ben Hamida M, Attia N, Chabouni H, Fardeau M, « Une myopathie proximale et severe de l’enfance, recessive autosomique, fréquente en Tunisie », Rev Neurol, 1983, 139, p. 289-297
  14. ^ Matsumara K, Tomé FMS, Collin H, Azibi K, Chaouch M, Kaplan J-C, Fardeau M, Campbell KP, « Deficiency of the 50K dystrophin-associated glycoprotein in Severe Childhood Autosomal Recessive Muscular Dystrophy », Nature, 1992, 359 (320-322)
  15. ^ Fardeau M, Hillaire D, Mignard C, Feingold N, Feingold J, Mignard D, de Ubeda B, Collin H, Tomé FMS, Richard I, Beckmann J, « Juvenile limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Clinical, histopathological and genetic data on a small community living in the Reunion Island », Brain, 1996, 119, p. 295-308
  16. ^ Brais B, Bouchard J-P, Xie Y-G, Rochefort DL, Chrétien N, Tomé FMS, Lafrenière RG, Rommens JM, Uyama E, Nohira O, Blumen S, Korczyyn AD, Heutink P, Mathieu J, Duranceau A, Codère F, Fardeau M, Rouleau GA, « Short GCG expansions in the PABP2 gene cause OculoPharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy », Nature Genet, 1998, 18, p. 1-4
  17. ^ Romero N.B, Monnier N, Viollet L, Cortey A, Chevallay M, Leroy J-P, Lunardi J, Fardeau M, « Dominant and recessive central core disease associated with RYR1 mutations and foetal akinesia », Brain, 2003, 126, p. 1-9
  18. ^ Alameddine H, Louboutin J-P, Dehaupas M, Sébille A, Fardeau M, « Functional recovery induced by satellite cell grafts in irreversibly injured muscles », Cell Transplantation, 1994, 3, p. 3-14
  19. ^ Romero N.B, Braun S, Benveniste O, Leturcq F, Hogrel JY, Morris GM, Barois A, Eymard B, Payen C, Ortega V, Boch AL, Lejean M, Thioudellet C, Mourot B, Escot C, Choquel A, Recan D, Kaplan J-C, Dickson G, Klatzmann D, Molinier –Frenckel V, Guillet J-G, Squiban P, Herson S, Fardeau M, « Phase I study of dystrophin plasmid-based gene therapy in Duchenne-Becker muscular dystrophy », Hum Gene Ther, 2004 15, p. 1065-76
  20. ^ Fardeau, M, Comme vous, comme nous, tout simplement. Sur une analyse comparative et prospective du système français de prise en charge des personnes handicapées. Rapport au Ministre de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité et au Secrétaire d’État à la Santé et aux Handicapés., Paris, septembre 2000, 1 vol, 200p p.
  21. ^ L'Homme de chair. ASIN 2738114075.
  22. ^ "Passion neurologie".
  23. ^ "Academia europaea".
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