Hexaspiron
| Hexaspiron | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Acanthocephala |
| Class: | Eoacanthocephala |
| Order: | Gyracanthocephala |
| Family: | Quadrigyridae |
| Genus: | Hexaspiron Dollfus & Golvan, 1956[1] |
Hexaspiron is a genus in Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms) belonging to the family Neoechinorhynchidae.[2]
Taxonomy[edit]
The genus was described by Dollfus & Golvan in 1956. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on any Hexaspiron species that would confirm its position as a unique order in the family Neoechinorhynchidae.[3]
Description[edit]
Hexaspiron species consist of a proboscis covered in hooks and a trunk.
Species[edit]
The genus Hexaspiron Dollfus & Golvan, 1956 contains two species.
Distribution[edit]
The distribution of Hexaspiron is determined by that of its hosts. H. nigericum was found in the Niger river.[4]
Hosts[edit]
The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Hexaspiron are and arthropod. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Hexaspiron.[7]
Hexaspiron parasitizes Heterosynodontis membranaceus. There are no reported cases of Hexaspiron infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[6]
- Hosts for Hexaspiron species
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Golvan, Y. J. (1988). Hexaspiron nigeriensis Dollfus et Golvan, 1956 (Eoacanthocephala) est un Gyracanthocephala. Annales de parasitologie humaine et comparée, 63(6), 410-413.
- ^ "Hexaspiron Dollfus & Golvan, 1956". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
- ^ a b https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/pdf/1988/06/parasite1988636p410.pdf
- ^ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (April 11, 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
- ^ a b Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC 8525584. PMID 34076470.
- ^ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.