List of different terms by Christian denominations in Japanese
List of different terms by Christian denominations in Japanese presents the difference of terms between Christian denominations in Japanese. This article presents Japanese terms of Eastern Orthodoxy (Japanese Orthodox Church), Roman Catholic, Anglican Church (Anglican Church in Japan), and Protestant.[1]
In Japan, the Roman Catholic mission began in August 1549, Protestant mission - in 1859, Eastern Orthodox mission - 1861.[2]
Each different mission founded their churches, determined terms in Japanese, and translated the Bible and other religious books, whose activities are almost separately by denominations.
Their terms have concepts found by each theology or history, etc. They are suitable for using in own denomination. Thus Japanese Christians use many different terms in each denomination.
Liturgy[edit]
| English | Eastern Christianity | Western Christianity | ||
| Eastern Orthodoxy (Japanese Orthodox Church) |
Roman Catholic in Japan | Anglican Church (Anglican Church in Japan) |
Protestant in Japan | |
| Sacrament | 機密 | 秘蹟 | 聖奠 | 礼典 |
| liturgy, rite, Christian worship, Church service | 奉神礼 | 典礼 | 礼拝 | 礼拝 |
| Divine Liturgy | 聖体礼儀 | - [3] | - | - |
| Mass | - | ミサ | 聖餐式 | - |
| Having Communion (Eucharist) | 領聖 or キノニア[4] or 共與[5] |
聖体拝領 or コムニオ |
陪餐[6] or コミュニオン |
陪餐 or コミュニオン |
Clergy[edit]
As Protestantism does not have a hierarchy, its frames are omitted here.
In some of Protestants, bishop is "監督", pastor is "牧師" and deacon is "執事".
| English | Eastern Christianity | Western Christianity | |
| Eastern Orthodoxy (Japanese Orthodox Church) |
Roman Catholic in Japan | Anglican Church (Anglican Church in Japan) | |
| Pope | パパ[7] | 教皇 or パパ |
- |
| Patriarch | 総主教 | 総大司教[8] | - |
| exarch | 総主教代理 | - | - |
| cardinal | - | 枢機卿[8] | - |
| Metropolitan bishop | 府主教 | 首都大司教 | - |
| archbishop | 大主教 | 大司教 | 大主教 |
| suffragan bishop | - | 属司教 | 補佐主教 |
| coadjutor bishop | - | 協働司教 | - |
| auxiliary bishop | - | 補佐司教 | - |
| titular bishop | - | 名義司教 | - |
| bishop | 主教 | 司教 | 主教 |
| archimandrite | 掌院 | - | - |
| hegumen | 典院 | - | - |
| hieromonach | 修道司祭 | - | - |
| protopresbyter | 首司祭 | - | - |
| archpriest | 長司祭 | 主席司祭 | - |
| priest | 司祭 | 司祭 | 司祭 |
| archdeacon | 首輔祭 | 助祭長 | 大執事 |
| protodeacon | 長輔祭 | - | - |
| hierodeacon | 修道輔祭 | - | - |
| deacon | 輔祭 | 助祭 | 執事 |
| permanent deacon | - | 終身助祭 | - |
| subdeacon | 副輔祭 | 副助祭 | - |
| catechist | 伝教者 | カテキスタ | 伝道師 |
| reader | 誦経者 | 読師 | - |
| server, or acolyte |
堂役 | 侍者 | サーバー |
Saints[edit]
| English | Eastern Orthodoxy (Japanese Orthodox Church) |
Roman Catholic in Japan |
| Venerable | 克肖者 | 尊者 |
| Martyr | 致命者 | 殉教者 |
| Blessed | 至福者 | 福者 |
| Confessor | 表信者 | 証聖者 |
| Stylites | 登塔者 | 柱頭行者 |
References[edit]
- ^ Oriental Orthodoxy in Japan has extremely few believers, and their translations are also very few.
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Japan
- ^ Eastern Catholic does not exist in Japan.
- ^ 「私は誰？」"Who am I?"
- ^ ja:日本正教会訳聖書イオアン第一公書 1: 3
- ^ 日本聖公会管区事務所
- ^ Opinions to the "パパ" (Pope) differ between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholic.
- ^ a b Cardinal is upper than Patriarch in Roman Catholic.
- 東方正教会＆ローマ・カトリック 聖職者対照表 - Different terms of clergy between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholic in Japanese, including English
- 『大研究』主要索引＆英和対照表 増補版 - Study of English - Japanese translations in terms of Christianity (in Japanese)
- 教派いろいろ対照表 - Comparing Christian denominations (in Japanese)