List of nearest supergiants

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This is a list of the nearest supergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 1,100 light-years (340 parsecs) from Earth. Some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Rigel and Antares, are on the list.

While supergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes Ia, Iab or Ib, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution.[1] Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered supergiants.

List[edit]

Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Notes
Canopus 309[2] A9II[3] 73.3 ± 5.2[2] 9.81 ± 1.83[2] -0.74[4] While it is frequently described to be a yellow supergiant, especially in evolutionary terms,[2] it is classified as a bright giant based on spectrum.[3]
Polaris 323 – 433[5] F7Ib-F8Ib[6][7] 37.5[8] 5.4[8] 1.98[9] (1.86 – 2.13)[6] The nearest bona fide supergiant, assuming the distance of 323 ly. It is a yellow supergiant.
Alpha Herculis Aa (Rasalgethi) 360[10] M5 Ib-II[11] 284 ± 60[11] 2.5[11] 3.35[12] Possibly a bright giant
Beta Draconis (Rastaban) 380±4[10] G2Ib-IIa[13] 40[14] 6 ± 0.2[15] 2.79[15]
Zeta Capricorni 386±10[10] G4Ib: Ba2[16] 29[17] 4.5+0.3
−0.2[18] 		3.77[19]
Betelgeuse 408[20]–548+90
−49[21] 		M1-M2Ia-ab[16] 640[22]–764+116
−62[21]
(1021)[23] 		14[20] – 19[21] 0.5[24] (0.0 – 1.6)[25] The nearest bona fide red supergiant, and the 10th brightest star in the night sky.
Alpha Persei (Mirfak) 510±10[10] F5Ib[15] 68 ± 3[26] 8.5 ± 0.3[15] 1.806[15] 35th brightest star in the night sky.
Alpha Aquarii (Sadalmelik) 520±20[10] G2Ib[15] 52.89+1.68
−1.78[15] 		5.13 ± 0.06[15] 2.942[27]
Beta Aquarii (Sadalsuud) 540[10] G0Ib[14] 47.88+1.68
−1.81[15] 		4.97 ± 0.1[28] 2.87[29]
Lambda Velorum (Suhail) 545±10[10] K4Ib[16] 210[30] 7 ± 1[30] 2.21[29] (2.14 – 2.30)[31]
Antares 553.5[32][a] M1.5Iab-Ib[16] 680[33] 11[33] – 16[20] 0.6 – 1.6[34] 15th brightest star in the night sky.
Kappa Pavonis 590±30[citation needed] F5-G5 I-II[35] 19-25[36] 4.35[37] (3.91 - 4.78)[38]
Beta Arae 650[10] K3Ib-II[39] 142[40][b] 8.21[40] 2.84[41]
Saiph 650±30[10] B0.5Ia[42] 22.2[43] 15.5 ± 1.25[44] 2.09[45] The closest blue supergiant.
Epsilon Pegasi (Enif) 690±20[10] K2Ib-II[16] 211[46] 7.07 – 12[46][20] 2.399[10] (2.37 – 2.45)[47]
Iota Carinae (Aspidiske) 690±70[10] A9Ib[48] 43[49] 7.4[50] 2.21[41]
Zeta Persei 750±30[10] B1Ib[51] 26 – 27[10] 14.5 ± 1.9[44] 2.86[52]
Zeta Aurigae A 790[10] K4Ib-K5II[53][54] 148 ± 3[55] 4.94[44] 3.751[56] (3.70 - 3.97)[38] Sometimes considered a red supergiant;[53] possible bright giant[54]
Pi Puppis (Ahadi) 807[57][c] K3Ib[58] 235[42] 11.7[59] 2.733[60]
Epsilon Geminorum (Mebsuta) 840±40[10] G8Ib[26] 140 ± 35[26] 19.2 ± 0.1[59] 3.06[61]
Zeta Cephei 840[10] K1.5Ib[42] 94[62] 3.35[63]
Rigel 863[64] B8Ia[65] 78.9 ± 7.4[66] 21 ± 3[67] 0.13[4] (0.05 – 0.18)[68] 7th brightest star in the night sky, and the brightest supergiant.
Delta Cephei A 887±26[69][70] F5Ib-G1Ib[71][72] 44.5[73] 4.5 ± 0.3[73] 3.48 – 4.37[71] Protoype of the Classical Cepheid variable stars.
Chi Aquilae 900[10] G8Ib[74] 22.2[75] 5.8[74]
Beta Doradus 1040[76] F4-G4Ia-II[77][78] 67.8 ± 0.7[79] 7.7 ± 0.2[59] 3.46 – 4.08[77]
Zeta Puppis (Naos) 1080±40[10] O4If(n)p[80] 14 – 26[81] 56.1[82] 2.24 – 2.26[83] One of the most massive stars visible to the naked eye.

External links[edit]

  • Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN 1063-7729. S2CID 255195566.

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ^ Calculated using a parallax of 5.89 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
  2. ^ Radius calculated with temperature and luminosity
  3. ^ Calculated using a parallax of 4.04 milliarcseconds in the equation: 1/(Parallax (arcsec)) = distance (parsecs)
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