Carolina Nunes Vais
Carolina Nunes Vais | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1857 Livorno, Italy |
| Died | 1932 Tripoli |
| Occupation | School Director |
| Employer(s) | Italian Girls' School, Tripoli |
Carolina Nunes Vais (1856 – 1932) was an Italian, Jewish educator, who was Director of the Italian Girls' School in Tripoli, which was the first educational establishment for young women in Libya.
Biography[edit]
Vais was born in 1856 in Livorno.[1] Little is known about her early life, however in 1877, the Jewish community in Tripoli invited an additional teacher from Livorno to emigrate in order to run a school for girls there.[2][3] The previous year, in 1876, the first teacher, Giannetto Paggi, had emigrated and it was he who founded the Italian Boys' School there.[4]
During her fifty-five career as Director of the Italian Girls' School, Vais oversaw a number of changes to the curriculum in the school. From 1895 the curriculum included French, soon after English, History and Geography were adopted.[1] In 1903 there were 241 girls enrolled at the school, mostly from Tripoli's Jewish middle class.[5] In 1911 the school's budge was 12,500 francs - 12.5% of the annual budget for all of Libya's education system; the school had 348 pupils.[1][6]
In addition to her work as Director of the school, Vais was a board member of the Women's Benevolent Society, 'Ezrat Nashim, which was founded in 1895 by a group of Italian women in order to enable medical care for people affected by an outbreak of plague.[1]
Vais died in 1932, whilst still Director of the Italian Girls' School.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Simon, Rachel (2017-05-01). Change within Tradition among Jewish Women in Libya. University of Washington Press. pp. 111, 164. ISBN 978-0-295-99885-5.
- ^ d'Outre-Mer, Institut d'Histoire des Pays; d'outre-mer, Université de Provence Institut d'histoire des pays (1984). Les Relations intercommunautaires juives en Méditerranée occidentale, XIIIe-XXe siècles: actes du colloque international de l'Institut d'histoire des pays d'outre-mer (GIS Méditerranée Aix-en-Provence) et du Centre de recherches sur les Juifs d'Afrique du Nord (Institut Ben Zvi, Université de Jérusalem), Abbaye de Sénanque, mai 1982 (in French). Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique. ISBN 978-2-222-03463-6.
- ^ Stillman, Yedida Kalfon; Stillman, Norman A. (1999). From Iberia to Diaspora: Studies in Sephardic History and Culture. BRILL. p. 124. ISBN 978-90-04-10720-5.
- ^ Burdett, Charles; Polezzi, Loredana; Spadaro, Barbara (2020-11-30). Transcultural Italies: Mobility, Memory and Translation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78962-255-3.
- ^ Harel, Yaron; Perani, Mauro (2019-10-01). The Jews in Italy: Their Contribution to the Development and Diffusion of Jewish Heritage. Academic Studies PRess. ISBN 978-1-64469-258-5.
- ^ Levy, Avigdor (2002-11-01). Jews, Turks, and Ottomans: A Shared History, Fifteenth Through the Twentieth Century. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-2941-2.