Dove Spring Formation

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Dove Spring Formation
Stratigraphic range: Miocene
~13.5–7.3 Ma [1]
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofRicardo Group[1]
OverliesCudahy Camp Formation[1]
Thickness1,800 meters[1]
Location
Region California
Country United States

The Dove Spring Formation (formerly the Ricardo Formation) is a geologic formation in the western Mojave Desert of California.[1] It preserves fossils dating back to the Miocene epoch of the Neogene period.

Fossil content[edit]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals[edit]

Bats[edit]

Bats reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Chiroptera Gen. et. sp. undetermined Kern County, California.[1] A bat.

Carnivorans[edit]

Carnivorans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Barbourofelis B. osborni Kern County, California.[1] Junior synonym of B. whitfordi.
B. whitfordi Red Canyon & other localities, Kern County, California.[2] Teeth & mandible.[2] A barbourofelid.
B. sp. LACM localities 6260 & 1108, Kern County, California.[2] Left partial humerus (LACM 140853) & left distal humerus (LACM 59336).[2] A barbourofelid also found in the Green Valley Formation.
Bassariscus B. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A procyonid.
Borophagus B. littoralis Red Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[3] Left maxillary (LACM 143520).[3] A borophagine dog also found in the Green Valley, Santa Margarita & Chanac formations.
Carpocyon C. robustus Kern County, California.[3] Partial skeleton (UCMP 33569).[3] A borophagine dog.
cf. Eomellivora cf. E. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A large mustelid similar to the honey badger.
Epicyon E. aphobus Kern County, California.[1] Junior synonym of E. haydeni.
E. haydeni Ricardo Fauna, Kern County, California.[3] Skull elements.[3] A borophagine dog.
E. saevus Ricardo Fauna, Kern County, California.[1][3] Ramal elements.[3] A borophagine dog.
"Felis" "F." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A small felid.
Ischyrocyon I. gidleyi Last Chance Gulch, Kern County, California.[4] A bear-dog.
I. mohavensis Kern County, California.[1] Junior synonym of I. gidleyi.
Leptocyon L. vafer Kern County, California (lower & upper parts of the formation).[1][5] Skull elements.[5] A canine dog.
Martinogale M. faulli Red Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[6] A nearly-complete skull (LACM 56230).[6] A skunk.
M. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A skunk.
"Mephitis" "M." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A skunk.
Metalopex M. macconnelli Red Rock Canyon, Kern County, California.[5] Skull elements.[5] A fox also found in the Milk Creek Formation & Malheur County, Oregon.
Mustela ?M. buwaldi Kern County, California.[1] A weasel.
Osteoborus O. diabloensis Kern County, California.[1] Junior synonym of Borophagus littoralis.[3]
Pseudaelurus P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A felid.
Tomarctus T. robustus Kern County, California.[1] Moved to the genus Carpocyon.[3]
T. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A borophagine dog.
"Vulpes" "V." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A fox.

Eulipotyphlans[edit]

Eulipotyphlans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Alluvisorex A. chasseae Kern County, California.[1] A shrew.
Erinaceidae Erinaceidae "A" Kern County, California.[1] An erinaceid.
Lanthanotherium L. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An erinaceid.
Limnoecus L. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A shrew.
Scapanus S. (Xeroscapheus) shultzi Kern County, California.[1] A mole.
"Sorex" "S." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A shrew.

Lagomorphs[edit]

Lagomorphs reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Hesperolagomys H. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A pika.
Hypolagus H. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A leporid.

Proboscideans[edit]

Proboscideans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Gomphotherium G. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A gomphothere.
Serbelodon S. burnhami Ricardo, Kern County, California.[1][7] Anterior portion of a mandible (F:AM 18228) & 2 tusk fragments (F:AM 18228A & 18228B).[7] An amebelodontid.

Rodents[edit]

Rodents reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acrolophomys A. rhodopetros Teeth & dentary.[8] A cricetid.
Ammospermophilus A. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An antelope squirrel.
Antecalomys A. coxae Many teeth.[8] A sigmodontine.
Bensonomys B. sp. Kern County, California.[8] Maxillae, a dentary & teeth.[8] A sigmodontine.
Copemys C. dentalis Kern County, California.[1] Dentaries & teeth.[8] A cricetid.
C. cf. C. longidens Kern County, California.[1] A cricetid.
C. russelli Kern County, California.[1] A cricetid.
C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A cricetid.
C. sp., cf. C. dentalis Teeth & jaw elements.[8] A cricetid.
Cupidinimus C. avawatzensis Kern County, California.[1] A heteromyid also found in the Avawatz Formation.
C. tertius Kern County, California.[1] A heteromyid.
C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A small heteromyid.
Eucastor E. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A castorid.
Leptodontomys L. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An eomyid.
Lindsaymys L. takeuchii Kern County, California.[8] Multiple specimens.[8] A cotton rat.
L. sp., cf. L. takeuchii Kern County, California.[8] Multiple teeth.[8] A cotton rat.
L. sp. A Kern County, California.[8] Molars.[8] A cotton rat.
L. sp. B Kern County, California.[8] Molars.[8] A cotton rat.
Parapliosaccomys P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A gopher.
Paronychomys P. spp. Kern County, California.[1] A cricetid.
Perognathus P. furlongi Kern County, California.[1] A pocket-mouse.
P. minutus Kern County, California.[1] A pocket-mouse.
Postcopemys P. sp., cf. P. valensis Teeth & dentary.[8] A cricetid.
Protospermophilus P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A squirrel.
Repomys "R." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A cricetid.
cf. R. sp. M2 (LACM 156378).[8] A cricetid.
Tamias T. ateles Kern County, California.[1] A chipmunk.
"Thomomys" "T." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A gopher.

Ungulates[edit]

Ungulates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Aphelops A. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A rhinoceros.
Cormohipparion C. occidentale Kern County, California.[1] Isolated teeth & a lower mandible.[9] Remains reassigned to C. sp.[9]
C. sp. El Paso Basin.[9] Isolated teeth & a lower mandible.[9] An equid.
Cosoryx C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An antilocaprid.
Dinohippus D. cf. D. leardi Kern County, California.[1] An equid.
?Hemiauchenia ?H. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A camelid.
Hipparion H. forcei Kern County, California.[1] An equid.
H. tejonensis Kern County, California.[1] An equid.
Ilingoceros I. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An antilocaprid.
Megahippus M. cf. M. matthewi Kern County, California.[1] An equid.
?Megatylopus ?M. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A camelid.
?Michenia ?M. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A camelid.
Paracosoryx P. furlongi Kern County, California.[1][10] An antilocaprid.
Peraceras P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A rhinoceros.
Plioceros P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An antilocaprid.
Pliohippus P. tantulus Kern County, California.[1] An equid.
P. tejonensis Kern County, California.[1] An equid.
?Procamelus ?P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A camelid.
?Prosthennops ?P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A peccary.
Teleoceras T. cf. T. meridianum Kern County, California.[1] A rhinoceros.
Ustatochoerus U. californicus Kern County, California.[1] A merycoidodontid.
U. cf. U. profectus Kern County, California.[1] A merycoidodontid.

Reptiles[edit]

Birds[edit]

Birds reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Branta B. howardae Kern County, California.[1] A goose.
Neophrontops N. ricardoensis Kern County, California.[1] A gypaetine vulture.

Squamates[edit]

Squamates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anguidae Gen. indet. Kern County, California.[1] A very large anguid lizard.
Callisaurus C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A zebra-tailed lizard.
Gerrhonotus G. cf. G. kingi Kern County, California.[1] An alligator lizard.
Lichanura L. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A rosy boa.
Paleoheterodon P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A colubrid snake.
Paracoluber P. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A colubrid snake.
Paragerrhonotus P. ricardensis Kern County, California.[1] An anguid lizard.
Proptychophis P. achoris Red Rock Canyon State Park, Kern County, California.[1][11] Numerous vertebrae & the posterior portion of a right maxilla.[11] A colubrid snake.
Sceloporus S. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A large spiny lizard.
"Thamnophis" "T." sp. Kern County, California.[1] A garter snake.
Uma U. sp. Locality LACM 4702.[12] A partial & fused premaxilla (LACM 159892).[12] A fringe-toed lizard.
?Uta ?U. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A side-blotched lizard.
Xantusia X. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A night lizard.

Testudines[edit]

Testudines reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Clemmys C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An emydine turtle.
Geochelone G. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A tortoise.
?Gopherus ?G. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A gopher tortoise.

Amphibians[edit]

Amphibians reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Batrachoseps B. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A lungless salamander.
Bufonidae Kern County, California.[1] A true toad.
cf. Ensatina cf. E. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A lungless salamander.
Ranidae Kern County, California.[1] A true frog.

Fish[edit]

Fish reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Empetrichthys E. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A splitfin.

Plants[edit]

Plants reported from the Dove Spring Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acacia A. sp. Kern County, California.[1] An acacia.
Ceanothus C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A buckbrush.
Cupressus C. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A cypress tree.
Lycium L. sp. Kern County, California.[1] A box thorn.
Palmoxylodon P. mohavensis Kern County, California.[1] A palm.
Pinus P. kelloggii Kern County, California.[1] A pine.
Quercus Q. ricardensis Kern County, California.[1] An oak tree.
Robinia R. alexanderi Kern County, California.[1] A legume.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw Whistler, David P.; Burbank, D. (1992). "Miocene biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California, and characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age (late Miocene) in California". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 104 (6): 644–658. Bibcode:1992GSAB..104..644W. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0644:MBABOT>2.3.CO;2. S2CID 130575409.
  2. ^ a b c d Tseng, Zhijie J.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Wang, Xiaoming (2010-01-29). "Discovery of the upper dentition of Barbourofelis whitfordi (Nimravidae, Carnivora) and an evaluation of the genus in California". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 244–254. doi:10.1080/02724630903416001. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 21713508.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae)". Bulletin of the AMNH (243): 9–391. hdl:2246/1588.
  4. ^ Hunt, Robert (1998-01-01). "Amphicyonidae". Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum: 196–227.
  5. ^ a b c d Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325). [New York] : American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/5999.
  6. ^ a b Wang, Xiaoming; Whistler, David P.; Takeuchi, Gary T. (2005). "A New Basal Skunk Martinogale (Carnivora, Mephitinae) from Late Miocene Dove Spring Formation, California, and Origin of New World Mephitines". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 936–949. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0936:ANBSMC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524520. S2CID 21747985.
  7. ^ a b Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Blick, John C.; Frick, Childs (June 1933). "Serbelodon burnhami, a new shovel-tusker from California". American Museum Novitates (639): 1–5. hdl:2246/2061.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Thomas S. Kelly; David P. Whistler (2014). "New late Miocene (latest Clarendonian to early Hemphillian) cricetid rodents from the upper part of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California" (PDF). Paludicola. 10 (1): 1–48.
  9. ^ a b c d Woodburne, Michael O. (2007). "Phyletic diversification of the Cormohipparion occidentale complex (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae), late Miocene, North America, and the origin of the Old World Hippotherium datum ; Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 306". hdl:2246/5872. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. ^ Prothero, Donald R.; Foss, Scott E. (2007-12-17). The Evolution of Artiodactyls. JHU Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8018-8735-2.
  11. ^ a b Whistler, David P.; Wright, John W. (1989). "A Late Miocene Rear-Fanged Colubrid Snake from California with Comments on the Phylogeny of North American Snakes". Herpetologica. 45 (3): 350–367. ISSN 0018-0831. JSTOR 3892892.
  12. ^ a b Scarpetta, Simon G. (2019-09-06). "The first known fossil Uma: ecological evolution and the origins of North American fringe-toed lizards". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 178. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1501-5. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6729053. PMID 31492110.


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