Seskarö Uprising

Seskarö Uprising
Part of the Swedish hunger riots of 1917
Date May - June, 1917 Location Seskarö, Sweden Result Government victory
Belligerents
Sweden	Seskarö Republic
Commanders and leaders
Wenzel Falk Erik Grafström Captain Ringström Gustaf Hårleman
Units involved
Västernorrland Regiment Norrbotten Regiment Swedish Police Swedish Navy
Strength
several policemen 550 soldiers 1 Destroyer 3 Steamers 1 Icebreaker 1 Cannon	+1000
Casualties and losses
Unknown	Unknown

As a consequence of the 1917 food shortage in Sweden, the residents of Seskarö would go against the authority of the Swedish government by forcibly purchasing bread from local bakeries when the supplies from the mainland failed to reach demand. Later attempts by authorities to put the perpetrators of these forced purchases to justice would spark a confrontation with the Seskarö residents resulting in a temporary expulsion of all government power from the island by May 30th. However, later reinforcements from the Norbotten regiment would once again, put Seskarö in Government hands in June.

Background

Although hunger was a nationwide problem in Sweden in 1917, the situation on Seskarö was especially poor. The remote island of Seskarö was cut off from the mainland by a thick layer of ice which greatly decreased the already limited amount of supplies arriving from Sweden. The small number of provisions that were sent to the starving islanders was mostly rotten food that was just enough for 3-5 kg of potatoes per person as well as 2000 kg of turnips. This lack of supplies would result in the Seskarö residents holding a meeting at Folkets hus (the people's house) on the 25 of May, where the situation was discussed. The course of action eventually agreed upon would be to forcibly purchase bread from the local bakeries. Although, there was already much destained towards the local bakers on the island as many believed that they were selling their bread on the black market for a heftier price rather than giving it to their fellow islanders.

The next day, the baker Eriksson alerted the authorities of the forced purchases which were committed by around 300 residents.

The Uprising

Lawenforcments arrives

Folkets Hus in Seskarö

On the 28 of May, only 4 out of the 300 involved in the forced purchases would be called in for questioning by the recently arrived sheriffs, this is due to Eriksson only being able to point out 16 perpetrators as well as the lack of resources available to punish such a large number of people. However, this did not sit well with the Seskarö residents who refused to let their countrymen be arrested as scapegoats. As a result, the islanders would help the arrested out of the building where they were interrogated, simultaneously locking in two sheriffs present. The hostilities the sheriffs faced coupled with threats of strike from the workers at the local sawmill, would prove to be too much for the authorities, forcing them to leave.

The next day, the sheriffs return accompanied by the county detective and the bailiff. Fearing that only a few scapegoats would be picked out for questioning again, the islanders gave the authorities a list of all who had admitted to being involved in the forced purchases. The names on the list were arranged in a circle to prevent any one name from looking more guilty than the other. However, the authorities dismiss the list and continue to demand that they choose who will be interrogated. After a bit of back and forth between the two, it was made clear to the authorities that the islanders would not let them have their way and that they could do little against them, the deployment of the military was determined to be the best course of action to subdue the Seskarö residents.

Military escalation

During the early hours of the 30th of May, 50 soldiers out of the Västernorrland Regiment arrive under captain Wenzel Falk to Seskarö. The islanders would yet again, hold a meeting at Folkets hus where they discussed how to respond to the military presence. At 12:00 the suspects would again be called in for questioning, the interrogations took place at Eriksson's bakery which was guarded by the armed soldiers of the Västernorrland regiment. Meanwhile, a large crowd of 1000 islanders, consisting of, men, women, and children alike, had gathered around the bakery throughout the afternoon, the islanders were very loud and disruptive, even playing Arbetets Söner (A Swedish worker's song) on a gramophone while demanding that their countrymen be released. Attempts by the authorities to make the islanders quiet down were ignored until, eventually, when the crowd got so loud and rowdy that the authorities could not continue with their interrogations. The bailiff read out the riot act to the islanders and demanded that they disperse on three different occasions, upon being ignored, the bailiff determined that the use of the military against the islanders was now justified. But before the military can engage, the islanders charge them. However, accounts of what happens next vary, some stating that the soldiers willingly gave up their weapons and others that their weapons were forcibly taken away from them. With the military unit unarmed, they had no other choice than to retreat to the mainland, they had lost 24 rifles and 2 revolvers, but only had been injured. The islanders suffered 2 injured, they had both been shot by captain Wenzel Falk before he disarmed and fled to the mainland under fire. The islanders would spend the following night celebrating their victory.

Invasion of Seskarö

In the early hours of May 31, the military would once more try to quell the uprising on Seskarö, but this time with a more capable force out of the Norrbotten Regiment. Although somewhat hindered by an uncooperating crew and that their icebreaker had run aground, the military managed to land some 500 soldiers on Seskarö throughout the day. Under Erik Grafström and later also by Ringström, the military managed to take over several of the insurgent fortifications and was now besieging the island with the help of the Navy. By now, the whole island was occupied by Swedish forces.

Military occupation

On the 1 of June, the whole island had fallen back into government hands. It was decided that no one was to be allowed to enter or leave Seskarö. To enforce this, the occupation force extensively monitored the civilian population erecting several cannon-enforced fortifications beside the piers on the island along with frequent patrols by the navy. All the boats on Seskarö were confiscated by the government and phone calls in and out of the island were censured by the government. However, the occupation would only last until the 3 of June when, after hearing about the situation on Seskarö, the popular governor Walter Murray arrived with an abundance of food. He brought the bailiff and the islanders to Folkets hus to discuss the recent events. Now that he was well informed about the uprising, he ordered the military back to the mainland and that a food council would be formed to prevent future starvation. He also promised that the islander's punishments would be mild if they agreed to be more calm in the future and return the guns that they stole from the Västernorrland Regiment.

Aftermath

The authority's response to the uprising received heavy backlash from the public and the press, with some even attempting to rise up in solidarity with the islanders. Due to the public sympathies towards the Seskarö islanders, they would donate 3087 sek in Legal aid towards those who were to face the law with an additional 2000 sek from the Sawmill Industry Workers Union. However, only around 10 people would see jail time.