María Lozano Hernández
María Lozano Hernández | |
|---|---|
| Born | 11 October 1909 |
| Died | 19 January 1940 (aged 30) |
| Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Resting place | Cementerio de la Almudena |
| Nationality | Calé |
María Lozano Hernández (1909–1940)[1] was a Calé libertarian activist.[2] She was one of the first women to be shot by the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.[3]
Biography[edit]
María was the daughter of Encarnación Hernández and Ramón Lozano. She was a member of the non-governmental organisation Solidaridad Internacional Antifascista (SIA), created by the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) in Valencia in April 1937.[1]
In December 1939, Lozano was encarcerated in the Ventas women's prison, with a five-month-old son whose father was imprisoned in Santa Rita prison. The baby died of bronchopneumonia within a month of being with his imprisoned mother, in January 1940. Lozano was allowed to spend the night watching over her dead son before being executed the next day, the same day that Florentino Salcedo, the father of her son, was executed on the wall of the East Madrid Cemetery.[4][5]
She was one of the three thousand people executed and buried in the eastern necropolis of La Almudena cemetery in the first five years of repression after the Spanish Civil War.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Olmeda, Fernando (13 February 2018). "La historia de María Lozano, una de las primeras fusiladas por la dictadura franquista en Madrid". Nueva Tribuna (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ Valiente Ots, Mauricio (20 March 2019). "Presentation by the Third Lieutenant of the Mayor of the Madrid City Council, Mauricio Valiente Ots, on the occasion of the Institutional Act of Reparation of the city of Madrid to the Romani People, held at the Madrid Town Hall on March 20, 2019" (PDF). City Council of Madrid. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ Agüero Fernández, Silvia; Fernández Moreno, Lola (21 April 2021). "101 mujeres gitanas pa' construir tu feminismo". Pikara Magazine (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ Población, Félix (20 August 2020). "El hijo robado de María Pérez Lacruz, la última mujer fusilada por el franquismo". El Salto (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- ^ Hernández Holgado, Fernando (2022). Documentos mudos de un pasado incómodo. El acceso actual a los archivos de las cárceles de mujeres del franquismo. Fundación Olga Gallego. pp. 7, 16–19, 22, 24.
- ^ Olmeda, Fernando (2 February 2018). "Los 3.000 asesinados en la tapia del cementerio". Nueva Tribuna (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 May 2023.
- 1909 births
- 1940 deaths
- Anarchists executed by Francoist Spain
- Executed Spanish women
- People executed by Spain by firing squad
- People from Valladolid
- Romani activists
- Spanish anarchists
- Spanish anti-fascists
- Spanish Romani people
- Spanish women of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
- Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
- Calé people
- Romani anarchists