John Browning (surveyor)
John Browning | |
|---|---|
| Born | John Samuel Browning 1831 |
| Died | 24 July 1909 |
| Engineering career | |
| Discipline | |
| Institutions | |
John Samuel Browning (1831 – 24 July 1909), also known as John Spence Browning, was a British-born pioneer surveyor in the South Island of New Zealand.
Life[edit]
John Browning was born in Norfolk, England in 1831. Browning's family held shipping interests, which in September 1844 at the age of just thirteen, would lead to him travelling to the East Indies.[1] Later, at the age of 24, he would navigate the Pacific (1855–1856) as captain of the whaling vessel Susan. Browning first arrived in New Zealand in 1856 to trade with goods from Australia.[2]
In 1857, Browning entered the New Zealand Government Service as an assistant surveyor and draughtsman with the Canterbury Public Works Department. In 1862, on closure of the afore-mentioned department, he became Assistant Surveyor with the newly formed Lands and Survey Department and was employed in exploring the mountain passes between Canterbury and the West Coast.[1] He later became District and Mining Surveyor, and set up the Survey Department in Hokitika. In 1876 he was appointed Chief Surveyor at Nelson, as well as being appointed Commissioner of Crown Lands in 1891 a position he held until his retirement on 1 October 1896.[3]
Wilberforce expedition[edit]
In 1864–65, at the commencement of the gold rush era on the West Coast, John Browning and others were sent to explore the passes over the Main Divide in the Southern Alps with the object of finding a practicable route for a road. Browning was part of an exploring party along with Richard James Strachan Harman (after whom Harman Pass is named), and J. J. Johnstone,[4] who in April 1865 negotiated the pass on the basis of information supplied by an elderly Maori man living in Kaiapoi.[3] This pass (Maori: Nōti Raureka) was subsequently named Browning Pass and the small lake at the pass given the name Lake Browning (Maori Whakarewa). One of the peaks overlooking the pass was called Mt Harman (Maori: Kaniere, 1,900 m (6,200 ft)) after party member Richard Harman.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Lawn, C. A. (1977). "The Pioneer Land Surveyors of New Zealand: Part IV Biographical Notes". Survey Spatial New Zealand. Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Institute of Surveyors. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ "Browning, John Samuel, 1831–1909". National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ a b Lawn, C. A. (1977). "The Pioneer Land Surveyors of New Zealand: Parts I, II & III". Survey Spatial New Zealand. Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Institute of Surveyors. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
- ^ a b Barton, P. "Maori Cartography and the European Encounter" (PDF). The History of Cartography. Retrieved 30 June 2023.