Natividad Llanquileo

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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Llanquileo and the second or maternal family name is Pilquimán.
Natividad Llanquileo
Natividad Llanquilleo in 2011
Member of the Constitutional Convention of Chile
In office
4 July 2021 – 4 July 2022
Preceded byoffice established
Succeeded byoffice abolished
Personal details
Born
Natividad Llanquileo Pilquimán

(1984-07-14) July 14, 1984 (age 39)
Tirúa, Chile
NationalityMapuche
Alma materBolivarian University of Chile
University of La Frontera
OccupationLawyer

Natividad Llanquileo Pilquimán (born July 14, 1984) is a Mapuche lawyer and human rights activist.[1] Llanquileo was noted for her role as a spokesperson during the 2010 Mapuche hunger strike.[2][3] She was a member of the Constitutional Convention during its existence from 2021 to 2022.

Biography[edit]

Llanquileo was born on 14 July 1984 in the Esteban Yevilao community of Puerto Choque, located in the commune of Tirúa in the Biobío Region.[4] Llanquileo studied law at the Bolivarian University of Chile and later received a degree in Human Rights, Public Policy and Interculturality from University of La Frontera.[3] 

As an attorney, she has defended imprisoned Mapuche activists. With regards to the Mapuche conflict, she has stated that "police and foresters are the main obstacles to solving the conflict that exists in Wallmapu."[5] Two of Llanquileo's brothers participated in the Mapuche prisoner hunger strike of 2010,[6] and Llanquileo rose to prominence as the public spokesperson for the demonstrators.[2][3]

In 2011, Llanquileo condemned the sentencing of human rights attorney Karina Riquelme Viveros to 21 days in jail for allegedly providing legal advice to Mapuche activists prior to receiving a law degree.[7] Llanquileo described the sentencing as an act of political repression, stating that the "only reasonable explanation for such an unusual [sentence]" was that Riquelme "had become a problem for prosecutors and police" through defending Mapuche activists.[8]

In 2018, Llanquileo was elected president of the Center for Research and Defense of the South (CIDSUR, Spanish: Centro de Investigación y Defensa del Sur).[6] The organization, which is headquartered in the city of Temuco,[9] is dedicated to protecting the human rights of indigenous Chileans.[10] Llanquileo has stated she has been subject to state repression during her time working at CIDSUR on behalf of Mapuche clients.[11]

Constitutional Convention[edit]

In 2021, Llanquileo launched her candidacy to serve on the Constitutional Convention of Chile to represent the Mapuche people, who have seven reserved seats on the body.[12][3] She received 5.94% of the vote and was elected to the body, making her the second most-voted Mapuche candidate after Francisca Linconao, who received 7.15%.[13] Longtime Mayor of Tirúa Adolfo Millabur was also elected to represent the Mapuche in their district.

Llanquileo ran for the presidency of the Constitutional Convention with the support of left-wing alliance The List of the People.[14] In the final round of voting, Llanquileo cast a blank vote instead of supporting fellow Mapuche activist Elisa Loncón, who won the contest.[15] This was considered a surprise given that Llanquileo had previously indicated her support for Loncón, and was the only Mapuche member of the Constitutional Convention to oppose her candidacy.[16]

Llanquileo explained her vote against Loncón by saying she was "tired of doing politics" behind "closed doors" and insinuated that Loncón is too closely affiliated with the Concertación. Llanquileo stated:[17]

"As indigenous peoples, as Mapuche people, the Concertación parties raided us, repressed us, militarized us, imprisoned us, stole our territories and did not legislate in our favor. So, we cannot expect them to behave in a different way now."

Political views[edit]

Llanquileo favors the establishment of a plurinational state in Chile. She has criticized extractivism, stating that Chile must shift its development model away from dependence on resource extraction to one that respects natural resources.[18] She has referred to the country's 1980 Constitution as a "constitution made by a group of white men in dictatorship, in which the people had no participation".[5]

On the subject of party politics, Llanquileo has criticized parties and politicians affiliated with the centre-left, arguing that the Concertación alliance has failed to advocate for indigenous communities.[17] In a 2018 interview, Llanquileo stated that the approaches towards Mapuche communities undertaken by Michelle Bachelet (Socialist) and Sebastián Piñera (conservative independent) were roughly as antagonistic. However, she noted that Piñera's "much sharper" rhetoric has contributed to an environment in which police violence against Mapuche activists has flourished.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Natividad Llanquileo, la vocera de la huelga de hambre de 2010 que ve espacio para avanzar la agenda indígena en la Convención". Interferencia (in Spanish). 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  2. ^ a b "Litoralpress - Texto de la Noticia". www.litoralpress.cl. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  3. ^ a b c d Cádiz, Rocío Montes, Pablo (2021-05-15). "Académicos, feministas, exministros, indígenas: los perfiles que pueden definir el futuro político de Chile". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Natividad Llanquileo, la vocera de la huelga de hambre de 2010 que ve espacio para avanzar la agenda indígena en la Convención". Interferencia (in Spanish). 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  5. ^ a b "Natividad Llanquileo, la vocera de la huelga de hambre de 2010 que ve espacio para avanzar la agenda indígena en la Convención". Interferencia (in Spanish). 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  6. ^ a b "Presidencia de la Convención: Cómo se dividieron los pueblos originarios a horas de la sesión inaugural y el perfil de las 3 candidatas | Ex-Ante". www.ex-ante.cl (in Spanish). 2021-07-04. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  7. ^ "Abogada que participó en defensa de comuneros mapuche es condenada por ejercicio ilegal". BioBioChile - La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile (in Spanish). 2011-11-12. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  8. ^ "Llaman a solidarizar con abogada de causas mapuche condenada por Tribunal de Pucón". La Opiñon.cl, Noticias de Temuco y Araucanía (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  9. ^ "Quienes Somos – CIDSUR". www.cidsur.cl. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  10. ^ "CIDSUR presenta querella criminal contra responsables del desalojo de la Municipalidad de Victoria". Radio JGM (in Spanish). 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  11. ^ a b ""Wir machen das nicht, weil wir es wollen"". Lateinamerika Nachrichten (in German). Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  12. ^ Cooperativa.cl. "Natividad Llanquileo logró las firmas para ser candidata constituyente". Cooperativa.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  13. ^ Chile, C. N. N. "Francisca Linconao obtiene la más alta votación para los escaños reservados del pueblo mapuche". CNN Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  14. ^ "Con 96 votos a favor: Elisa Loncon es electa como presidenta de la Convención Constituyente". T13 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  15. ^ pauta. "Elisa Loncon y Jaime Bassa: presidenta y vicepresidente de Convención". pauta (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  16. ^ Neta, Redacción La (2021-07-05). "Natividad Llanquileo explicó su voto para la presidencia de la Convención Constitucional". La Neta (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  17. ^ a b "Constituyente Natividad Llanquileo tras voto en blanco en Convención: "Actuamos en consecuencia"". 24horas.cl. Retrieved 2021-07-10.
  18. ^ Gómez, María José (2021-04-15). "Natividad Llanquileo (Pueblo Mapuche): "El Estado plurinacional tiene que ver con la aceptación normativa de una realidad que ya existe"". La Tercera. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
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