Calicium viride
| Calicium viride | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Caliciales |
| Family: | Caliciaceae |
| Genus: | Calicium |
| Species: | C. viride
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| Binomial name | |
| Calicium viride Pers. (1794)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Calicium viride, commonly known as the green stubble lichen, is a species of pin lichen in the family Caliciaceae, and the type species of the genus Calicium. It is a common and widely distributed species in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere and southern South America. The thallus of the lichen consists of a basal crust, and apothecia (fruiting bodies) on a stalk. Diagnostic characteristics of Calicium viride are its brown excipulum (the ring of tissue around its apothecia), and its green, granular crust.
Taxonomy[edit]
It was described as a new species by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1794.[2] Calcium viride is the type species of the genus Calicium. A common name for the lichen in North America is "green stubble lichen".[3] Another name that has been used is "frog stubble".[4]
The Calicium viride group is the name of a clade of closely related species that all have ascomata supported on relatively large and sturdy stalks, and spores with a distinctive spiral ornamentation. This group also includes C. corynellum, C. salicinum, and C. quercinum, as well as Cyphelium lecideinum, which lacks a stalk but also has spiral-striated spores.[5]
Description[edit]
Calicium viride has a greenish-yellow thallus with a granular texture that grows as a crust on the surface of its substrate. The small black stalks, 1.5–2.5 mm long and roughly 0.1–0.15 mm thick, support the spore-bearing structures (apothecia): at the tip of each stalk is a capitulum–a spherical apothecium.[3] In general, the height of the apothecia is about 9–16 times greater than the central stalk width.[4] The capitula are black with a brownish underside.[3] The ascospores are brown, and have an elliptical shape with a single internal septum that divides the spore into two cells. The spores measure 12–14 by 6–7 μm.[6]
Calicium corynellum is a rarer species that is somewhat similar in appearance to C. viride, but it grows on rock instead of wood or bark, and it has shorter stalks, typically 0.5–0.6 mm long.[7]
It contains the secondary chemicals (lichen products) rhizocarpic acid and epanorin.[3]
Habitat and distribution[edit]
Calicium viride is common on the bark and wood of conifer trees in montane forests, but sometimes grows on deciduous trees.[3] It prefers bark that is weakly acidic to neutral. Chaenotheca trichialis is a frequent lichen associate.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ "GSD Species Synonymy. Current Name: Calicium viride Pers., Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 7: 20 (1794)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ Persoon, C.H. (1794). "Einige Bemerkungen über die Flechten". Annalen der Botanik (Usteri) (in German). 7: 1–32.
- ^ a b c d e Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. pp. 193–194. ISBN 978-0300082494.
- ^ a b Goward, Trevor (1999). The Lichens of British Columbia: Illustrated Keys. Part 2–Fruticose Species. Victoria, B.C.: Ministry of Forests, Research Program. pp. 71, 81. ISBN 0-7726-2194-2. OCLC 31651418.
- ^ Prieto, Maria; Wedin, Mats (2016). "Phylogeny, taxonomy and diversification events in the Caliciaceae". Fungal Diversity. 82 (1): 221–238. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0372-y.
- ^ a b Dort, Klaas van; Horvers, Bart (2021). Coniocarps. Rain Shadow Specialists [Coniocarpen. Regenschaduw Specialisten]. Tilburg: KNNV-Afdeling Tilburg. pp. 62, Appendix 4. ISBN 978-90-826157-4-6.
- ^ Simkin, Janet (24 January 2003). Calicium corynellum (Ach.) Ach (PDF) (Report). United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan.