Notophyllum foliosum
| Notophyllum foliosum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
| Subclass: | Errantia |
| Order: | Phyllodocida |
| Family: | Phyllodocidae |
| Genus: | Notophyllum |
| Species: | N. foliosum
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| Binomial name | |
| Notophyllum foliosum (Sars, 1835)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Notophyllum foliosum is a species of annelid in the family Phyllodocidae. The species is found in the Mediterranean Sea, around the island of Madeira, and off the coasts of Scandinavia.[1] Its habitat is the seafloor in shallow areas of 20–125 metres (66–410 ft) among gravel and stones, and occasionally near the coral Lophelia pertusa.[2] The specific epithet "foliosum" comes from the Latin "foliosus" which refers to something leaf-like.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
The species was originally described under the name Phyllodoce foliosa by Michael Sars in 1835.[1] In 2010, the species was redefined and split in two. Previously, two color morphs of Notophyllum foliosum were known, with one found in deep water among coral, and the other in shallower areas of the seabed. The shallow form retained the name N. foliosum, but the deeper form was split off and given the new name Notophyllum crypticum.[4][5] Also in 2010, an analysis of molecular phylogenetics determined that N. foliosum is closely related to Polygordius lacteus and Paramphinome jeffreysii.[6]
Description[edit]
Notophyllum foliosum is approximately 12 millimeters long, and has many bristly segments followed by a pygidium. It has wide dorsal cirri that overlap one another like scales.[7] Like Nereis pelagica, the species' palps are located further back on the body than the paired antennae.[8] At the end of its pharynx is a ring of simple papillae.[9]
Notophyllum foliosum has one pair of eyes attached directly to the brain.[8] Its is similar to those of Phyllodoce species and Paranaitis wahlbergi. However, it does not possess ganglia at the bottom of its central antenna, and its front four ganglia are much smaller. The nuchal organs take the form of outgrowths called "epaulettes" and the nuchal ganglia are similar in structure along the length of its body. The positioning of these nuchal ganglia are similar to those of Eulalia. Each nuchal organ has four joints, which on the top side are dispersed into the front ganglion and on the bottom side into the rear ganglion.[10]
Behavior and ecology[edit]
Female Notophyllum foliosum incubate their eggs underneath lamellae that are towards their rear. The eggs form a yellow gelatinous mass that are joined together to create a long ribbon-like structure, which wraps around the rear end of the annelid.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Notophyllum foliosum". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ Nygren, Eklöf & Pleijel 2010, p. 201.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton; Short, Charles (1879). "A Latin Dictionary". Perseus Tufts. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ Nygren, Eklöf & Pleijel 2010, p. 193.
- ^ Aaberg, Helena (14 June 2010). "Cryptic worms encountered outside Sweden". Informationsdienst Wissenschaft. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
- ^ Satheeshkumar & Jagadeesan 2010, p. 552.
- ^ a b Okada 1930, p. 475.
- ^ a b Ravara et al. 2010, p. 397.
- ^ Ravara et al. 2010, p. 398.
- ^ Orrhage & Eibye-Jacobsen 1998, p. 222.
Bibliography[edit]
- Nygren, Arne; Eklöf, Jenny; Pleijel, Fredrik (2010). "Cryptic species of Notophyllum (Polychaeta: Phyllodocidae) in Scandinavian waters" (PDF). Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 10 (3): 193–204. doi:10.1007/s13127-010-0014-2.
- Okada, Yo (1930). "Incubation-habit in a Phyllodocid polychaete, Notophyllum foliosum Sars". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 16 (2). doi:10.1017/S0025315400072878 – via Plymouth Marine Science Electronic Archive.
- Orrhage, Lars; Eibye-Jacobsen, Danny (1998). "On the Anatomy of the Central Nervous System of Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta) and the Phylogeny of Phyllodocid Genera: a New Alternative". Acta Zoologica. 79 (3): 215–234. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1998.tb01160.x.
- Ravara, Ascensao; Wiklund, Helena; Cunha, Marina; et al. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships within Nephtyidae (Polychaeta, Annelida)". Zoologica Scripta. 39 (4): 394–405. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00424.x.
- Satheeshkumar, P.; Jagadeesan, L. (2010). "Phylogenetic Position and Genetic Diversity of Neridae-Polychaeta Based on Molecular Data from 16S rRNA Sequences". Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. 6 (6).
External links[edit]
- Original description by Sars, Michael (1835). Beskrivelser og iagttagelser over nogle mærkelige eller nye i havet ved den bergenske kyst levende dyr af polypernes, acalephernes, radiaternes, annelidernes, og molluskernes classer, med en kort oversigt over de hidtil af forfatteren sammesteds fundne arter og deres forekommen. Bergen: Thorstein Hallager.