Boris Smirnov (ethnologist)
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Boris Smirnov | |
|---|---|
 Boris Smirnov c.1960. | |
| Born | 1924 Moscow, USSR |
| Died | 1979, 55 Zubova Polyana, USSR |
| Citizenship | USSR |
| Alma mater | Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy |
| Known for | Ethnology works, Kelginino Gravefield excavation |
| Parent |
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| Awards | Medal "For Battle Merit" |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Fennic Ethnology, Ancient History of Eastern Europe |
| Website | zubova-poliana.narod.ru |
Boris Smirnov (1924 – 1979) was a Russian ethnologist and historian, excavator of Kelginino Gravefield in Eastern Mokshaland. He collected a great bulk of field material on Moksha Ancient History, including folklore, toponimy, historical, and archeological data connected to Moxel culture, traditions and Medieval trade routes.
Ethnological findings[edit]
Among the findings of Boris Smirnov there is a Medieval star chart used in Mokshaland by travellers, wanderers, herders and navigators on Volga trade route. He had been collecting epic tales and legends and then checking the places they narrated about. He had been accumulating information on feasts and everyday life, agriculture and honey hunting. He recorded law and traditional punishment details, old crafts peculiarities and old children games rules. The rest of his time he spent in the city library reading all the scientific journals they received. He led correspondence with scholars who sometimes kept answering him, sometimes were reluctant to keep the discussion going in spite of the fact he sometimes proposed plausible solutions. The neighbours new that he might be bound three places: post office, where he received tons of books, library or forest if he had a short handle spade with him. He used to wear cheap suits and a cap in summer and fufaika wool jackets, and a soldier's fur hat in winter time. He roamed about Big Moksha Forest and often ran across Dubravlag border lines. Since it was a special territory and trespassing was forbidden he from time to time been detained and questioned but happily always been released after phone calls and enquiries sent to Zubova Polyana. Except for ethnology and archeological artefacts he was a botanist and collected full herbarium of Zubovo-Polyansky Aimak. He had a small garden and grew Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica) in it, as well as he always had lots of perfect vegetables and various flowers. "He had been treated with compassion by his friends Valerian Ryabov, Adolf Prokhorov and some others" writes Sergey Olenin.[1] He didn't bother them much but always gave a short report on his recent work. Boris Smirnov's health condition had been deteriorated in 1966. He was not able to finish his Book 4 and seems he didn't start Book 5 he mentioned in his works. In 1979 he died. Adolf Prokhorov delivered his diaries and drafts to the Mordvoia Republic Government Institute For Humanities. Most of his field work had remained unpublished in the Institute For Humanities archives for years. First two books were published posthumously in 2012[2]
Ethnographic material[edit]
Ethnographic material includes old Moksha rites, traditions, bygone tales, pagan beliefs, mythology, legends and folklore material reflecting life and customs. Major part consists of tales and legends regarding toponimy history: founding of villages, names of rivers, lakes and gorges.
Letters to Kremlin regarding Mordovia renaming[edit]
Since Boris Smirnov had learnt Moksha language and discovered many facts of the ancient Mokshaland history that been never taught in schools he was convinced that the term Mordovia was historically incorrect and moreover derogatory or to be precise was an ethnic slur for Mokshas and Erzyas. He applied for the republic renaming to the government with all the evidence he had proving that the term Mordovia does not comply the contemporary situation and republic must have been renamed to Erzya-Moksha. He received an answer that he might be under some misapprehension. He went to Moscow hoping that a personal appointment would solve the misunderstanding. He wrote again and made appointments again. Olenin suggests this was in vain, writing: "He was lucky not to be arrested for his views opposing the Communist Party line, may be because he was treated as not entirely healthy person."[3]
Kelginino Gravefield[edit]
The most striking findings were the Carolingian sword and Vladimir the Great's and his son Novgorodian prince Vysheslav's symbols of power. They date back to 1010.[4] The latter became the proof for declaring the historical unity of Russian and Mordva peoples that can be traced back 1000 years. Later the government stopped supporting the archeological studies.[5]
Critics[edit]
Due to a deep internal culture and intuition he was able to see the importance and give the right value to separate folk tradition facts. Lack of his knowledge in the field of ethnology, ethnography and folklore had been compensated by diligence, painstaking and consistent work on collecting field materials.
Boris Kevbrin, Vladimir Rogachev, and Dmitry Shulyaev (Books 1, 2, and 4 introduction)[6]
Works[edit]
- Book 1. Middle Partsa and Chiush [rivers]. 1963
- Book 2. Middle Vad and Lundan [rivers]. 1964
- Book 3. Low Vad [river]. 1965
- Book 4.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Cited works[edit]
- Grebneva, Natalya (2014). "They Stole History. 10th Century Gravefield Robbed In Mordovia". Smart News. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- Kevbrin, B. F.; Rogachev, Vladimir; Shulyaev, Dmitry (2012). Motivy rodimoĭ zemli : dukhovnai︠a︡ kulʹtura zhiteleĭ Zubovo-Poli︠a︡nskogo raĭona Respubliki Mordovii︠a︡ : khrestomatii︠a︡ narodnoĭ kulʹtury [Native Culture Chrestomathy. Homeland Motifs: Spiritual Culture of Mordovia Republic Zubova Polyana Aimak]. Saransk: Krasny Oktyabr. ISBN 978-5749316483.
- "Kelginino Graveyfield" (in Russian). Encyclopedia of Mordovia. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- Olenin, Sergei (2005). "Researcher and Protector of Mokshas. Ethnologist Boris Smirnov". zubova-poliana.narod.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-04-21.
General sources[edit]
- Smirnov, Boris (1979). "Moksha Ethnology. Volumes 1, 2, 4" – via Zubova Polyana History and Ethnography.
External links[edit]
- "Boris Smirnov in Heroes of War Red Army Database". Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- "Kelginino gravefield exhibition". Retrieved 2022-04-21.