Sumru

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Sumru
GenderFemale
Origin
Word/nameArabic
MeaningThe highest part of something; peak; summit
Region of originMiddle East
Other names
Related namesSamru, Sombre, Sommer, Sumroo, Sumr, and Egemen (in Azerbaijani)

Sumru is an Arabic-origin word which refers to the highest part of something; peak or summit.[1][2]

Historical use[edit]

A leading Arab-origin Christian figure in the 18th and 19th century India was named Sumru.[3][4] Her husband, Walter Reinhard, who was a German adventurer, was also known as Sumru along with other similar names such as Samru, Sombre, Sommer and Sumroo.[5]

Modern use[edit]

Sumru is a given name used for females in Turkey.[1][6] The version of Sumru in Azerbaijani language is the name of Egemen.[7] The word is also used as a family name in Pakistan.[8]

People with the name include:

Given name[edit]

Surname[edit]

Variants[edit]

The word, sumr, in the colloquial Levantine Arabic is the plural form of the color term, asmar, which means "brown".[9] An Egyptian Shafii scholar, Al Suyuti, used the word with the meaning of "black", another color term: Nuzhat al-Umr fī al-Tafdīl Bayna al-Bīd wa al-Sumr (1931; "The Recreation of Life on Preferentialism between the White and the Black in Complexion" in English).[10] However, in Egyptian Arabic, sumr (ﺳـُﻤﺮ) is the plural form of masculine asmar and feminine samra, and refers to dark skin and brunette.[11] In this sense, the word refers to personal attributes and appearance.[11][12] In a similar vein, the word is the plural form of masculine asmar and feminine samra in Classical Yemeni Arabic which refers to again personal characteristics, but with a different meaning, "yellowish person".[13] Another Arab scholar Al Dimashqī used the word sumra or dark brown to describe the peoples of Arabia.[14]

Sumr was also employed in Old Norse as an adjective which means "any".[15][16] It is a variant of the Proto-Germanic suma- which is the original form of the current English determiner and adverb some.[17] In the latter function it refers to "to a certain degree or extent" and in the former function "certain unknown or unspecified".[18] This variant, Sumr (سمر in Urdu), is used as a male given name in Urdu.[19][20] In addition, it was a Jewish feminine given name in the Middle Ages with the meaning of dark brown.[21]

In object-oriented analysis and design, SUMR which is pronounced "summer" is the abbreviation of Simple Use case Markup-Restructured.[22] It refers to a simple plain text markup language which produces documents that are easily converted into XML, HTML and other formats.[22] The same abbreviation also stands for Satellite User Mapping Register.[23]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Sumru". Turkish Language Association. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  2. ^ Hovhannes I. Pilikian (10 February 2012). "Powerful Turkish Cinematic Condemnation". Keghart. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  3. ^ Begum Sumru The Church of Basilica Retrieved 19 October 2013
  4. ^ Ranajit Guha; Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (1988). Selected Subaltern Studies. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 137. ISBN 9780195052893.
  5. ^ "About the German Adventurer Walter Reinhard". REG. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  6. ^ "Sumru". Guzel Isimler. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  7. ^ "What is the meaning of the name, Sumru?". Dictionary of names (in Turkish). Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  8. ^ a b "Chronology: Pakistan". The Middle East Journal. 50 (2). Spring 1996. JSTOR 4328928.
  9. ^ Leslie J. McLoughlin (1999). Colloquial Arabic (Levantine). London: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-0415000734.
  10. ^ Talib Ghaffari (7 January 2011). "Writings of Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti". Maktabah Mujaddidiyah. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  11. ^ a b "Contents" (PDF). Egyptian Arabic Dictionary. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  12. ^ Derya Adalar Subaşı (Spring 2012). "Renkler ulamı üzerine Türkçe ve Arapça sözlük tabanına yönelik gözlemler (Observations on Turkish and Arabic dictionaries in terms of color terms)" (PDF). Turkish Studies. 7/2: 963–977. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  13. ^ Moshe Piamenta (1 May 1990). A Dictionary of Post-Classical Yemeni Arabic. BRILL. p. 232. ISBN 978-90-04-09294-5. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  14. ^ "Abyaḍ and the Black Arabs Some Clarifications" (PDF). Wesley Muhammad. 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  15. ^ "Theory of everything (TOE)". An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics. English-French-Persian. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  16. ^ Jonathan Slocum; Todd B. Krause. "Old Norse Online". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  17. ^ "some (adj.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  18. ^ "some (sʌm)". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  19. ^ "Sumr". iJunoon. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  20. ^ "Baby names". Joy2Day. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  21. ^ Juliana de Luna (2001). "Jewish Women's Names in an Arab Context: Names from the Geniza of Cairo". SCA College of Arms. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
  22. ^ a b Jim Arlow; Ila Neustadt (27 June 2005). UML 2 and the Unified Process: Practical Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. Pearson Education. p. 746. ISBN 978-0-13-270263-8.
  23. ^ "SUMR". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
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