Woolamai Granite
| Woolamai Granite | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Mid to Late Devonian, ~ | |
 A map of the distribution of Woolamai Granite on Phillip Island | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Dromana Suite |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Granite |
| Other | Quartz, Perthite, Oligoclase, Apatite, Zircon, Aplite, Pegmatite |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 38°33′45″S 145°21′12″E / 38.5625°S 145.3533°E |
| Region | Phillip Island of
Victoria |
| Country | Australia |
Woolamai Granite is a Devonian age rock formation found on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia.[1][2] The granite outcrops at the south-eastern corner of Phillips Island at Cape Woolamai and at Pyramid rock, midway along the southern coast.[3]
Description[edit]
The rock formation is described as biotite granite: pink coarse-grained leucocratic; contains quartz, perthite, oligoclase, biotite and accessory apatite and zircon; veins of aplite and pegmatite present locally.[1][2]
History of Investigation[edit]
Granite was first recorded at Cape Woolamai on Phillip Island by Louis Freycinet in 1802 as part of the Baudin expedition to Australia. [4][5]
In 1855 the explorer William Blandowski during his survey of Phillip Island[6] noted that:
The granite of Cape Woolamai is quite peculiar to that locality, and forms picturesque pyramidal peaks... This fine-grained granite is characteristic, on account of the intense green colour of the mica, and the livid flesh colour of the felspar.
Woolamai Granite was subsequently described in 1929 as a granite mass with cream-coloured acid veins and vughs[7] of large pink feldspar crystals, which impacts the evenness of the grain.[8] It was also noted that the granite has a pleasant colour varying between light and dark pink, according to the amount of feldspar present. In 1942, the heavy minerals in the formation were analysed and were found to be the most acid of all Victorian granites[9]
Stratigraphy[edit]
At Cape Woolamai (a tombolo system), Woolamai Granite has been described as a stock-like body, covering an area of about 10 square kilometres (4 square miles), with the stock being originally part of the Bass horst.[3] At the northern end, the granite is overlain by thin beds of Tertiary gravels (originally derived from the granite), Tertiary basalts and recent dunes. The granite is well exposed in coastal cliffs and on the south-western coast forming spectacular cliffs.[10] Jointing has determined the direction of gutters and clefts that have been eroded in the cliff face, and has produced the pyramidal rock stacks and large boulders that are typical of the exposed southern coastlines.
Woolamai Granite makes up the basement of Pyramid rock, which consists of residual basalt, and is the largest outcrop outside of Cape Woolamai.[11] Pyramid rock is an important example of the contact between volcanics and the pre-volcanic land surface and is one of the few locations on Phillip Island where the lava flows are absent or very thin and represents a high point on the pre-volcanic land surface.
Economic Resources[edit]
A granite quarry located at Cape Woolamai, has provided Woolamai Granite for buildings.[8] This included the base-courses and portico for the Colonial Mutual Building, built in 1893, in Melbourne. It was noted that vertical cracks developed across some of the blocks from "drys" in the granite and that some blocks were marred by quartz veins.
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Woolamai Granite". Australian Stratigraphic Units Database. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ a b Welch, S.I; Higgins, D.V.; Callaway, G.A. (2011). Surface Geology of Victoria 1:250 000. Vol. 2. Geological Survey of Victoria, Department of Primary Industries. p. 7. ISBN 9781742649757.
- ^ a b Edwards, A.B. (10 December 1945). "The Geology of Phillip Island". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 57 (1–2): 1–22. ISSN 0035-9211. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ Darragh, Thomas (2003). "Chapter 25: History in Geology of Victoria". In Birch, William (ed.). Geology of Victoria. Geological Society of Australia. pp. 671–685. ISBN 1876125330.
- ^ "The French-Australian Dictionary of Biography". Institute for the Study of French Australian Relations. Retrieved 26 April 2023. The Baudin expedition set sail on 19 October 1800 to chart the southern, Tasmanian, western, north-western and northern coastlines of Australia.
- ^ Blandowski, William (1857). "Mr. W. Blandowski's Report, No. III, to the Surveyor-General, of an excursion from King's Station to Bass River, Phillip and French Islands". Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria. 1: 50–67. ISSN 1441-3876. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ "Vug". Geology Buzz. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Vugh is a small cavity in a rock or vein, usually lined with mineral precipitates.
- ^ a b McInerney, Kathleen (1929). "The building stones of Victoria, Part II. The igneous rocks". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 41 (2): 121–159. ISSN 0035-9211. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ Baker, George (1942). "The heavy minerals of some Victorian granitic rocks". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 54 (2): 196–223. ISSN 0035-9211. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ^ "170. Cape Woolamai - Granite Tombolo". State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria). Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ "193. Pyramid Rock - Unconformity". State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria). Retrieved 27 April 2023.