Hyloxalus maculosus
| Hyloxalus maculosus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Dendrobatidae |
| Genus: | Hyloxalus |
| Species: | H. maculosus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hyloxalus maculosus (Rivero, 1991)
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Colostethus maculosus Rivero, 1991 | |
Hyloxalus maculosus (spotted rocket frog) is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to the eastern slopes of Ecuadorian Andes in Napo and Pastaza provinces at elevations of 460 to 1,150 m (1,510 to 3,770 ft) asl.[2][3]
Taxonomy[edit]
Hyloxalus maculosus has been considered a synonym of Hyloxalus bocagei,[4] but it is now treated as a valid species, though within the Hyloxalus bocagei species complex.[2][5] In addition to morphological differences in both tadpoles and adults, male call parameters differ between Hyloxalus maculosus and Hyloxalus bocagei.[5]
Description[edit]
Males measure 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) and females 22–29 mm (0.87–1.14 in) in snout–vent length. Dorsum is reddish-brown, more reddish posteriorly and in the hind limbs. There are brighter reddish-brown spots posterior to eyes and on arms at the arm-body junction. An oblique lateral stripe is present; it is complete but becoming diffused anteriorly or incomplete. Toe webbing is extensive.[3][5]
The male call is a long trill composed of paired pulsed notes. Tadpoles measure up to 37 mm (1.5 in) in total length, and newly metamorphosed juveniles about 10–11 mm (0.39–0.43 in).[5]
Habitat and conservation[edit]
The range of Hyloxalus maculosus is within "Lowland Evergreen Forest" and "Foothill Evergreen Forest" vegetation zones. Males have been found calling on rocky streams at both sides of a road and inside water ducts that cross under the road. One male carrying nine tadpoles was found near a tiny pond, on a rocky stream surrounded by pasture. Tadpoles have been found in slow-running water in the ditch.[5]
The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed Hyloxalus maculosus as "Data Deficient" in 2008,[1] but Páez-Vacas and her colleagues suggested in 2010 that it should be considered as "Critically Endangered" because of its small range and habitat loss occurring in that range.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Ariadne Angulo (2008). "Hyloxalus maculosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T135881A4215448. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135881A4215448.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Hyloxalus maculosus (Rivero, 1991)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ a b Ortiz, D.A.; Vallejo, A. & Coloma, L.A. (2013). "Hyloxalus maculosus". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. and Nicolalde, D. A. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ Coloma, L. A. (1995). "Ecuadorian frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)". Miscellaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. 87: 1–72.
- ^ a b c d e f Páez-Vacas, M.; L. A. Coloma & J. C. Santos (2010). "Systematics of the Hyloxalus bocagei complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae), description of two new cryptic species, and recognition of H. maculosus". Zootaxa. 2711: 1–75.