Baldwin Mono Tiltrotor
| Mono Tiltrotor | |
|---|---|
| |
| The Mono Tiltrotor Scaled Demonstrator (MTR-SD) | |
| Role | Tiltrotor |
| National origin | United States of America |
| Manufacturer | Baldwin |
| Designer | G. DBaldwin. |
The Baldwin Mono Tiltrotor project is a research effort into a tiltrotor aircraft that uses only one rotor. Like other tiltrotor configurations, the mono tiltrotor combines the vertical lift capability and structural efficiency of a helicopter with the speed and range of a fixed-wing aircraft.
Development[edit]
Work on the Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) was initiated in 2004. A concept study was performed under an Office of Naval Research contract and this study concluded that the MTR, if technically realizable, would be half the size and one-third the weight of legacy helicopter concepts for a 1,000-nautical-mile (1,900 km) mission.[1]
In 2005 and 2006, design of the 9400 pound gross weight MTR Scaled Demonstrator (MTR-SD) was performed under a United States Army contract at the US Army Research Laboratories.[2][3][4][5][6][7] This work included the following tasks: engine selection; transmission design; hub, controls, and blade preliminary design; comprehensive performance and aeroelastic analysis; analysis of critical stress concentrations; conceptual design of the fixed wing and cargo pod; wind tunnel testing of wing deployment;[8] and longitudinal static stability analysis from hover through cruise. This work resulted in a definition of each component's and each subassembly's weight, moments of inertia, location on the aircraft, and aerodynamic drag. The predicted range and speed were derived from this aircraft design data.
In 2007 and 2008, demonstrations and validations of the MTR-SD design were performed under an Army contract.[9][10][11][12] The three unprecedented hardware mechanisms of the MTR were demonstrated in small scale flight tests: 1) the aerodynamically deployed wing panels; 2) the pitch axis suspended cargo pod; and 3) the tilting centerline rotor. Furthermore, a 7-foot (2.1 m) diameter rotor remote control MTR Functional Demonstrator (MTR-FD) that integrates these three features was designed, built, and hover tested.[13] Bell Helicopter Textron used proprietary methods for advanced concept design and analysis to validate the 25-foot-diameter (7.6 m) rotor MTR-SD design. Bell Helicopter's assessment resulted in validations of the MTR-SD vertical lift capacity, engine power required and power available, cruise thrust and propulsive efficiency, aircraft weight, and airplane mode cruise lift. Bell Helicopter also generated and reported MTR-SD flight dynamics data. A computational fluid dynamics drag assessment was performed, and in combination with the Bell Helicopter assessment this validated MTR-SD projected drag and aircraft cruise range performance.[9]
In early 2009, a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) video was produced showing the MTR-SD performing the missions specified in the United States Marine Corps - Cargo Unmanned Aircraft System - Universal Need Statement (USMC Cargo UAS UNS)[14] and in the Office of Naval Research – Cargo Unmanned Aircraft System – Request for Information (ONR Cargo UAS RFI).[15][16] In early 2010, under a multi-year contract with the Office of Naval Research (ONR),[17] the CONOPs and aircraft design were refined for Navy shipboard compatibility.[18]
On October 2, 2010, the first full conversion between helicopter and airplane modes of flight was achieved using a revised Mono Tiltrotor - Functional Demonstrator (MTR-FD), 4 foot diameter, small-scale remote control model.[19]
Specifications[edit]
Data from Baldwin Technology Company, LLC.[20]
General characteristics
- Crew: 0
- Capacity: 3,000 lb (1,360 kg)
- Length: 24 ft (7.3 m)
- Wingspan: 33 ft (10 m)
- Height: 12.5 ft (3.8 m)
- Wing area: 165 sq ft (15.3 m2)
- Empty weight: 4,900 lb (2,223 kg)
- Gross weight: 9,400 lb (4,264 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × LHTEC T800 turboshaft engine
Performance
- Cruise speed: 230 mph (370 km/h, 200 kn)
See also[edit]
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References[edit]
- ^ CONCEPTUAL DESIGN STUDIES OF A MONO TILTROTOR (MTR) ARCHITECTURE Leishman, J. G., Preator, R., Baldwin, G. D.,Conceptual Design Studies of a Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Architecture, U.S. Navy Contract Number: N00014-03-C-0531, 2004.
- ^ Document (MTR) Archived 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Baldwin, G. D., 'Preliminary Design Studies of a Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) with Demonstrations of Aerodynamic Wing Deployment', AHS International Specialists Meeting, Chandler, Arizona, January 23–25, 2007.
- ^ "Mono Tiltrotor Design Underway". Archived from the original on 2008-11-04. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
- ^ Baldwin, G. D., Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Concept Evaluation, U. S. Army Contract Number: W911W6-04-D-0004-0001, RDECOM TR 06-D-40, DTIC Accession Number ADB324612, 2006.
- ^ The Mono-Tiltrotor Final Project Report, U.S. Army Research Laboratory: Vehicle Technology Directorate, June 16, 2006.
- ^ MTR FY 2005 Development Final Comprehensive Report, Eagle Aviation Technologies Incorporated, May 18, 2006.
- ^ “Cargo Mono Tiltrotor is Fine Tuned” Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine. Flight International, June 3, 2007.
- ^ “Folding Tiltrotor in Tunnel Test”. Flight International, Nov. 4, 2006.[dead link]
- ^ a b Document (MTR) Archived 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Baldwin, G. D., 'Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Validation Activities', Proceedings of the 64th Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Montreal, Canada, April 29 - May 1, 2008.
- ^ Baldwin, G. D., Mono Tiltrotor Validation Activities, U. S. Army Contract Number: W911W6-04-D-0004-0002, RDECOM TR 08-D-0069, July 2008.
- ^ Assessment of the Mono Tiltrotor Scaled Demonstrator, Contract No: BTC001, Bell Helicopter Textron Incorporated, January 23, 2008.
- ^ Mavriplis, D. J., Computational Drag Study for the Mono Tiltrotor Scaled Demonstrator (MTR-SD), March 2008.
- ^ Page Not Found 404 “Mono Tiltrotor makes progress, on a small scale”, Aviation Week Defense Technology Blog, May 12, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Universal Need Statement for The Cargo Unmanned Aircraft System (Cargo UAS), HQ USMC, August 27, 2008.
- ^ Page Not Found 404 “VIDEO: Mono Tiltrotor as Cargo UAS”, Aviation Week Defense Technology, March 12, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Robot tiltrotor boxcar may fly Navy supply missions Archived 2009-08-06 at the Wayback Machine “Robot tiltrotor boxcar may fly Navy supply missions”, CNET News, March 21, 2009.
- ^ Page Not Found 404 "Persistence Pays Off For Mono Tiltrotor Inventor", Aviation Week 171.16, October 26, 2009, page 64 [dead link]
- ^ Document (MTR) Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine Baldwin, G. D., 'A Cargo UAS Design and CONOPs', Proceedings of the 66th Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Phoenix, Arizona, May 11–13, 2010.
- ^ Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Cargo Unmanned Aircraft System Archived 2010-10-14 at the Wayback Machine, Full Conversion Flight Demo (2 minutes)
- ^ "Specifications". Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
Further reading[edit]
- The Mono-Tiltrotor Final Project Report, U.S. Army Research Laboratory: Vehicle Technology Directorate, June 16, 2006.
- MTR FY 2005 Development Final Comprehensive Report, Eagle Aviation Technologies Incorporated, May 18, 2006.
- Leishman, J. G., Samsock, J., Mono Tiltrotor (MTR): Final Comprehensive Report of Research Performed During July 2005 – June 2006.
- Baldwin, G. D., 'Utility of a Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Scaled Demonstrator', Proceedings of the 63rd Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Virginia Beach, VA, May 1-3, 2007.
- Baldwin, G. D., 'Preliminary Design Studies of a Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) with Demonstrations of Aerodynamic Wing Deployment', AHS International Specialists Meeting, Chandler, Arizona, January 23-25, 2007.
- Leishman, J. G., Ananthan, S., 'Aerodynamic Optimization of a Coaxial Proprotor', Proceedings of the 62nd Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Phoenix, Arizona, May 9–11, 2006.
- Samsock, J. J., Leishman, J. G., Baldwin, G. D., 'Mono Tiltrotor Parametric Research Model (MTR-PRM) Testing', Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel, February 13–24, 2006.
- Baldwin, G. D., 'Maturation of the Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Aircraft Architecture, and Its Application to Heavy Lift and Other Emerging Needs', AHS Vertical Lift Design Conference, San Francisco, California, January 18-20, 2006.
- Baldwin, G. D., 'Mono Tiltrotor (MTR) Project', SAE International Powered Lift Conference, Grapevine, Texas, October 4, 2005.
- Preator, R., Leishman, J. G., Baldwin, G. D., 'Performance and Trade Studies of a Mono Tiltrotor Design', Proceedings of the 61st Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Grapevine, Texas, June 1-3, 2005.
- U.S. Patent 6,845,939 — Baldwin, G. D., 'Tailboom-Stabilized VTOL Aircraft', January 25, 2005.
- U.S. Patent 6,783,096 — Baldwin, G. D., 'Vertical Lift Flying Craft', August 31, 2004.
- Preator, R., Leishman, J. G., Baldwin, G. D., 'Conceptual Design Studies of a Mono Tiltrotor Architecture', Proceedings of the 60th Annual National Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Baltimore, Maryland, June 7-10, 2004.